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Optics & Cameras

Optics & Cameras. Mohan St. John’s Medical College Bangalore. Properties of light. Travels in a straight line Cannot bend Loses intensity over distance Prone to colour changes Parallax Refraction Burnout. Refraction in media. Colour distortion. Endoscopy – desirable.

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Optics & Cameras

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  1. Optics & Cameras Mohan St. John’s Medical College Bangalore KUA Masterclass 2013

  2. Properties of light • Travels in a straight line • Cannot bend • Loses intensity over distance • Prone to colour changes • Parallax • Refraction • Burnout KUA Masterclass 2013

  3. Refraction in media KUA Masterclass 2013

  4. Colour distortion KUA Masterclass 2013

  5. Endoscopy – desirable • Ease of instrumentation • Sturdy instrumentation • Good optical quality – magnification if needed • Good colour rendering • Feasibility of instrumentation • Ability to demonstrate or view KUA Masterclass 2013

  6. Enablers • Understanding of optics • Ability to construct instruments • Availability of superior material • Developments in electronics • Brave, innovative pioneers KUA Masterclass 2013

  7. Total Internal Reflection KUA Masterclass 2013

  8. Bow to the GuruHarold Horace Hopkins, FRS1918 -1994 KUA Masterclass 2013

  9. He also invented the “ZOOM” lens for the BBC KUA Masterclass 2013

  10. Construction of Endoscope KUA Masterclass 2013

  11. Rod-lens system KUA Masterclass 2013

  12. Distortion due to alignment KUA Masterclass 2013

  13. The Rod-lens system KUA Masterclass 2013

  14. Object vs. Image KUA Masterclass 2013

  15. The desire to see – and show… KUA Masterclass 2013

  16. Teaching attachment KUA Masterclass 2013

  17. Lecturescope KUA Masterclass 2013

  18. Beam-splitting KUA Masterclass 2013

  19. Beam splitter KUA Masterclass 2013

  20. Single-chip camera: CMOS KUA Masterclass 2013

  21. Single-chip Control unit KUA Masterclass 2013

  22. Drawbacks of CMOS chip • Light transmitted as it was • Loss of clarity over distance • Colour distortion • Poor depth perception compared to eye • Not good for video streaming KUA Masterclass 2013

  23. KUA Masterclass 2013

  24. What was seen… KUA Masterclass 2013

  25. What was seen… KUA Masterclass 2013

  26. What was seen… KUA Masterclass 2013

  27. What was seen… KUA Masterclass 2013

  28. Splitting of white light KUA Masterclass 2013

  29. 3 – chip Camera & control unit KUA Masterclass 2013

  30. The 3 - Chip • Charge-coupled device • Broke light to 3 primary colours – R,G,B • Converted light to electronic signals • Signals reprocessed by computer • Processed image transferred to Monitor • Good video quality • Optical experience improved KUA Masterclass 2013

  31. What we wanted to see… KUA Masterclass 2013

  32. Now, yehdil mange more… KUA Masterclass 2013

  33. Non-coherent transmission KUA Masterclass 2013

  34. Fibreoptic endoscopes KUA Masterclass 2013

  35. Optics of Fibreoptics KUA Masterclass 2013

  36. Flexible working endoscope KUA Masterclass 2013

  37. Flexible Scope – Construction KUA Masterclass 2013

  38. Flexible endoscopes • Could “bend” light • Could be used in various hollow structures • With improvements, instruments possible • Less traumatic for diagnostics • Better visualisation • More ergonomic KUA Masterclass 2013

  39. But yehdilmaange even more… KUA Masterclass 2013

  40. A “Chip on tip” KUA Masterclass 2013

  41. The chip-on-tip • No camera coupling unit • Processor & electronics at the tip • Fully digitised signal directly to monitor • True Hi-definition possible • Outstanding video quality Diameter < 5mm not possible – yet KUA Masterclass 2013

  42. Chip-on-tip assembly KUA Masterclass 2013

  43. We now see better… KUA Masterclass 2013

  44. We also see more… KUA Masterclass 2013

  45. KUA Masterclass 2013

  46. KUA Masterclass 2013

  47. KUA Masterclass 2013

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