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Tissue Structure

Tissue Structure. Edited by: Jessica Hawley Compiled by Mark Anderson. Classify different tissues by their shape and number Know the four different types of tissues Compare and contrast different functions of tissues. Objectives. How many layers of cells? Single – Simple

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Tissue Structure

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  1. Tissue Structure Edited by: Jessica Hawley Compiled by Mark Anderson

  2. Classify different tissues by their shape and number • Know the four different types of tissues • Compare and contrast different functions of tissues Objectives

  3. How many layers of cells? • Single – Simple • Multiple – Stratified • What is the shape of the cells? • Thin and Flat – Squamous • Square – Cuboidal • Columns – Columnar Classification

  4. Epithelium • Connective Tissue • Nervous Tissue • Muscle Tissue Tissues

  5. Thin layer of tissue that covers all free surfaces of the body • Includes skin and gastrointestinal tract • Simple Epithelium • Located in highly protected areas where maximum absorption is needed • Digestive System • Stratified Epithelium • Located in ares where there is friction with the environment • Skin Epithelium

  6. Types of Epithelium

  7. Provides the structural framework of an animal • All Connective Tissue Includes • Wandering cells • Fixed cells • Ground substance Connective Tissue

  8. Ameboid cells that can freely move within CT • Macrophages • White blood cells • Consume foreign material • Mast cells • Release histamines incase of inflamation • Abundant at the injury site Wandering Cells

  9. Cells that are somewhat anchored within the CT • Fibroblast – determines density of the CT • Primary function is to produce fibrous proteins to reinforce the amorphous structure Fixed Cells

  10. A viscous solution consisting primarliy of proteins linked to carbohydrates • Important in lubricating joints in the form of synovial fluid • Density determined by number of fibrous proteins Ground Substance

  11. Loose – flexible • Dense • Specialized – blood and lymph • Supportive – bones and cartilage Types of connective tissue

  12. Highly porous and flexible • Provides structure for blood vessels and nerves • Highly vascularized • Not very strong Loose CT

  13. Maximum strength with little flexibility • Tendons that are connected to muscle • Two types • Regular – resists force from one directions • Irregular – resists force from multiple directions Dense ct

  14. Adipose tissue • Storage of triglycerides • Highly vascularized • Blood and Lymph • Blood delivers nutrients to tissues • Lymph filters and returns the plasma to the circulatory system • Very little structure Specialized

  15. Cartilage • Hyaline • trachea • Elastic • ear • Fibrocartilage • Between vertebrae • Bone • Spongy • Inside the bone • Compact • Outside the bone Supportive

  16. Hyaline • Densely packed with collagen fibers and provides rigid but flexible features • Elastic • More elastin fibers with some collagen provides maximum flexibility • Fibrocartilage • Extreme form of hyaline cartilage. Very little ground substance Cartilage

  17. Compact • Very dense and found on the outside of the bones • Spongy • Contains spicules and trabeculae that adds strength Bone

  18. Long bones • Arm and leg bones • Irregular bones • Pelvic bones and vertebrate • Flat bones • Bones of the skull Types of Bones

  19. Made of neuron and glial cells and functions to transmit electrical impulses throughout the body • Neuron – nerve cell • Glial cell – support cell that help insulate and support the nerve cell Nervous Tissue

  20. Major features of nerve cells • Axon • Cell Body • Dendrites • Synaptic junctions • Myelin Sheath • Made of Schwann cells Neurons

  21. Functions in locomotion, digestion, breathing, vision, circulation, and other biological processes • Also used as a high protein food source • Makes up 30-40% of total body mass Muscle Tissue

  22. Skeletal – Striated and voluntary • Cardiac – Striated and involuntary • Smooth – Not striated and involuntary Muscle Tissue

  23. Striated and voluntary • Primary muscle type for meat • Multinucleated with nuclei located toward the edge of the cell • Multinucleated cannot reproduce, they can only get larger • Helps with muscle growth Skeletal

  24. Striated Muscle

  25. Myofiber – muscle fiber/ cell • Myofibril – Contractile apparatus • Sarcolemma – membrane surrounding the myofiber Definitions

  26. Muscle organization

  27. Myofibril Structure

  28. A band – darker in color; runs the length of the myosin fiber • I band – lighter in color; only thin filament present • H zone – only thick filament present • Z line – End of the sarcomere where the thin filament is anchored • M line – middle of the sarcomere where thick filament is anchored Sarcomeric structures

  29. Striated and involuntary • Single centrally located nucleus • Varying lengths of the thin filament Cardiac

  30. Not striated, involuntary • Mononucleated, with nucleus in middle of the cell • Tight membrane to membrane junctions for communication between cells Smooth

  31. Classify different tissues by their shape and number • Know the four different types of tissues • Compare and contrast different functions of tissues Objectives

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