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Revolutions in Russia & Totalitarian Russia

Revolutions in Russia & Totalitarian Russia. Chapter 30 Sections 1 & 2. I the Revolution. Alexander III rules in autocracy – gov’t in which he holds complete control Strict censorship codes to get rid of revolutionaries Secret pol. Opened letters/monitored schools

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Revolutions in Russia & Totalitarian Russia

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  1. Revolutions in Russia & Totalitarian Russia Chapter 30 Sections 1 & 2

  2. I the Revolution • Alexander III rules in autocracy – gov’t in which he holds complete control • Strict censorship codes to get rid of revolutionaries • Secret pol. Opened letters/monitored schools • Oppressed minority groups to create uniform Russian culture • Jews were target  pogroms = organized violence against Jews • Alexander III dies Nicholas II takes over

  3. Nicholas continues autocracy but Russia industrial power grows • Trans-Siberian Railway = worlds longest continuous rail line • Growing industry was hardest on Russians working class  discontent • Work conditions & income gap • Russian Marxists – overthrow czar by industrial working class w/ workers ruling • Split into 2 groups  Bolsheviks wanted smaller # of revolutionaries committed to sacrifice everything for radical change • Bolshevik leader = Vladamir Lenin

  4. Shortages of bread and fuel  a general uprising = March Revolution • Czar Nicholas II steps down • Estab. Provisional gov’t  Soviets set up • Local councils consisting of workers, peasants, & soldiers • Germans send the exiled Lenin to Russia to hurt their war effort  Bolshevik Revolution • Redistributed farmland to peasants & workers control factory • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk leads to anger in Russia and discontent w/ Bolshevik gov’t

  5. Russians faced losses to Germany & an enemy at home = White Army  Civil War • Massive loss of life, hunger, & flu epidemic  Russian in chaos • Red Army (Bolsheviks) win & Lenin launches New Economic Policy (NEP) in order to restore order • Small scale capitalism – peasants can sell surplus crops instead of having to turn it over to gov’t BUT still kept control over major industries • Various nationalities in Russia was threat to communist goal of unity  org. of Russia into several self-governing republics under the central gov’t • USSR = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

  6. New capital is Moscow • Rename their political party to the Communist Party • Came from Karl Marx’s belief that “communism” would be the classless society after the workers took control • Estab. Communist dictatorship • After his death he left vacuum for power and struggle for control of the party

  7. II Stalin Takes Power • Joseph Stalin (man of steel in Russian) took command of communist party • While Lenin promoted worldwide communist rev. Stalin focused on Russian dev. • Stalin would transform the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state • Gov’t that takes total control over every aspect of public and private life • Stalin’s econ policy called for a command econ to replace NEP (Lenin) • Gov’t makes all economic decisions

  8. III Stalin’s 5 Year Plan A. Industrial Revolution • Set impossibly high production goals for industry • Bonuses to those who achieved goals and punishment for those who did not • Gov’t limited production of consumer goods to reach quotas  suffering of ppl • Made life difficult for ppl but increased economy of country

  9. B. An Agricultural Revolution • Agricultural rev as successful as industrial rev. but more brutal • Gov’t seized private farms and combined them into collective farms • Farms owned and operated by peasants to produce food for the state • Some people resisted collectivization by killing animals and ruining farm equipment • Strongest resistance among the Kulaks- wealthy farming class • Thousands of Kulaks and other peasants were executed or sent to work camps • Brutal but doubled wheat production

  10. C. The Great Purge • All opposition was eliminated by fear & terror • Critics were sent to the Gulag- system of brutal labor camps where many died • Paranoid that rival parties were plotting against him  The Great Purge • Campaign of terror against any opposition • “show trials” communist leaders confessed after tortured & fams threatened • 8 – 13 mil. deaths

  11. Totalitarian states depend on indoctrination in order to get ppl to buy into the gov’t • Used propaganda – biased information used to sway ppl to accept certain beliefs • Socialist realism = artistic style whose sole goal was to show Soviet life in positive way • Attacked religion • Indoctrinated school children

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