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Organic Nomenclature Worksheet #1

Organic Nomenclature Worksheet #1. Hydrocarbons. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. H. H. H. H. H. pent. ane. 1. pentane. = 5 carbons. all single bonds (alkane). IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Hydrocarbon prefixes meth C eth C-C prop C-C-C

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Organic Nomenclature Worksheet #1

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  1. Organic NomenclatureWorksheet #1 Hydrocarbons

  2. H H H H H H H 1 2 3 4 5 H H H H H pent ane 1. pentane = 5 carbons all single bonds (alkane) • IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry • Hydrocarbon prefixes • meth C • eth C-C • prop C-C-C • but C-C-C-C • pent C-C-C-C-C • hex C-C-C-C-C-C • hept C-C-C-C-C-C-C • oct C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C • non C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C • dec C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C C C C C C Only 4 covalent bonds (lines) per carbon

  3. H H H H H H H H 1 2 3 4 5 6 H H H H H H hex ane 2. hexane = 6 carbons all single bonds (alkane) • IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry • Hydrocarbon prefixes • meth C • eth C-C • prop C-C-C • but C-C-C-C • pent C-C-C-C-C • hex C-C-C-C-C-C • hept C-C-C-C-C-C-C • oct C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C • non C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C • dec C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C C C C C C C Only 4 covalent bonds (lines) per carbon

  4. H H H H H H H H H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 H H H H H H H hept ane 3. heptane = 7 carbons all single bonds (alkane) • IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry • Hydrocarbon prefixes • meth C • eth C-C • prop C-C-C • but C-C-C-C • pent C-C-C-C-C • hex C-C-C-C-C-C • hept C-C-C-C-C-C-C • oct C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C • non C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C • dec C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C C C C C C C C Only 4 covalent bonds (lines) per carbon

  5. H H H H H H H H H H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 H H H H H H H H oct ane 4. octane = 8 carbons all single bonds (alkane) • IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry • Hydrocarbon prefixes • meth C • eth C-C • prop C-C-C • but C-C-C-C • pent C-C-C-C-C • hex C-C-C-C-C-C • hept C-C-C-C-C-C-C • oct C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C • non C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C • dec C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C C C C C C C C C Only 4 covalent bonds (lines) per carbon

  6. H H H H H H 1 2 3 4 5 H H H H pent ene 2-pentene = 5 carbons Has a double bond (alkene) C C C C C Only 4 covalent bonds (lines) per carbon

  7. H H H H H H H H H H 2-pentene C C C C C Trans (H’s are on opposite sides of double bond) Trans-

  8. H H H H H H H 1 2 3 4 5 6 H H H H H hex ene 2 - hexene = 6 carbons Has a double bond (alkene) C C C C C C Only 4 covalent bonds (lines) per carbon

  9. C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C C 2 - hexene Trans- 2 - hexene Cis-

  10. H H H H H H H H H H 2-pentene C C C C C Cis- Cis (H’s are on same side of double bond)

  11. H H H H H H H H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 H H H H H H H hept ene 1 - heptene = 7 carbons Has a double bond (alkene) C C C C C C C Only 4 covalent bonds (lines) per carbon Could also be drawn with H on bottom.

  12. H H H H H H H H H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 H H H H H H H oct ene 4 - octene = 8 carbons Has a double bond (alkene) C C C C C C C C Only 4 covalent bonds (lines) per carbon

  13. H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C C C C 4 - octene Trans- 4 - octene Cis-

  14. H H H H H H H H 1-pentyne C C C C C

  15. H H H H H H H H H H 3-hexyne C C C C C C

  16. H H H H H H H H H H H H 1-heptyne C C C C C C C

  17. Hydrocarbon Prefixes: • IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry • Hydrocarbon prefixes • meth C • eth C-C • prop C-C-C • but C-C-C-C • Pent C-C-C-C-C • hex C-C-C-C-C-C • hept C-C-C-C-C-C-C • oct C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C • non C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C • dec C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C

  18. H H H H H C C C C C H H H H H Unsaturated hydrocarbons • Alkenes: • Contains at least one carbon=carbon double bond. • Name ends in _____ene Propene Prop- = 3 2-pentene Pent- = 5 H H C C C H 1 2 3 4 5 H H H (Unsaturated hydrocarbon)

  19. H H H C C C C H H H Unsaturated hydrocarbons • Alkynes: • Contains at least one triple bond. • Name ends in _____yne Ethyne (acetylene) eth = 2 2-butyne But- = 4 H C C H 1 2 3 4 (Unsaturated hydrocarbon)

  20. 4 3 2 1 Branched-Chain Alkanes Parent chain: Longest continuous carbon chain butane 2-methylbutane H H H H 3-methylbutane H C C C C H 1 2 3 4 H H H 2-methylbutane H C H H Substituent: Branch off the parent chain substituted for H. Alkyl groups: attached carbon chains- methyl, ethyl…

  21. Branched-Chain Alkanes Freon molecule: (CFC’s contribute to ozone depletion) 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane ethane F F Parent chain is last word. Identify substituent groups Cl C C F Substituent groups are named alphabetically 1 2 Cl Cl Chlorine is called Chloro Fluorine is calledfluoro Halide: attached halogen family elements- Fluorine = fluoro, -F Chlorine = chloro, -Cl Bromine = bromo, -Br Iodine = Iodo, -I

  22. H H H H H H C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H C H H C C C C H H H H H H H C C C H H C H H H H H C H H Isomers Isomer: Same molecular formula. Different structural formula. Pentane C5H12 C5H12 C5H12 2,2-dimethylpropane 2-methylbutane

  23. H H Br Br H H H C C C C C C H 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 H H H H H H H H H C C C C C C H H H Br Br H H H H Br H H H C C C C C C H H H Br H H Cis and Trans Isomers • Cis Isomer: Cis-3,4-dibromo-3-hexene • Trans Isomer: Trans-3,4-dibromo-3-hexene

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