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The Cell

The Cell. And all its parts!. The cell. The basic unit of structure and function in all living things. Without Jansenn's microscope invention we would not have discovered cells. The average cell is between 2 and 200µm  (micrometers).

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The Cell

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  1. The Cell And all its parts!

  2. The cell • The basic unit of structure and function in all living things.

  3. Without Jansenn's microscope invention we would not have discovered cells

  4. The average cell is between 2 and 200µm  (micrometers). • To give you an idea of how big a micrometer is, the thickness of a strand of human hair ranges from 50 to 200 micrometers.  Dark hair is usually thicker than blonde hair. • The smallest particle that can be seen by the human eye is about 10 micrometers.  The eyepiece of your microscope has a special tool to measure micrometers. • Cells Alive

  5. Entering (and exiting) the cell CELL WALL • A stiff wall that surrounds the cell membrane, giving the cell a rigid boxlike shape • Function: protection & support • This structure is found in plant & bacteria cells CELL MEMBRANE • Forms the outside boundary that separates the cell from its environment • Function: controls what comes in and out of the cell

  6. Cell Wall/ Cell Membrane

  7. Cell Wall/Cell Membrane _________________ _____________

  8. Nucleus • Acts as the “brain” of the cell or the control center • Directs all of the cell’s activities • Where DNA is found

  9. Nucleus • Cells without a nucleus: prokaryotes • Cells with a nucleus: eukaryotes ___________________________ ___________________________

  10. Nucleus • The nucleus of the cell contains the genetic information (DNA)

  11. Nuclear Membrane • Surrounds nucleus • Made of two layers • Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  12. Nucleolus • Inside nucleus • Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  13. Chromosomes • In nucleus • Made of DNA • Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  14. Cytoplasm • A gel-like fluid found throughout the entire cell wherein the organelles are found. • It is constantly moving so the cell does not need to propel itself.

  15. Mitochondria • The “powerhouse” of the cell • Produces energy for the cell

  16. Ribosomes • “Factories” that produce protein

  17. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another

  18. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Moves materials around in cell • Smooth type: lacks ribosomes • Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  19. Endoplasmic Reticulum & Ribosomes

  20. Golgi Bodies • The cell’s “mailroom” • Receives proteins and other materials from the ER, packages them and distributes them to other parts of the cell.

  21. VACUOLES • Storage area of the cell • Stores food and water • Plants have one large vacuole for water • Some animal cells have them & others do not

  22. Lysosomes • Cell’s cleanup crew • Breaks down old cell parts and releases the substances so they can be used again.

  23. Chloroplasts • Capture energy from the sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell • Found only in the plant cell

  24. Eukaryotes • Nucleus has a permeable membrane surrounding it • Nucleus contains the organism’s genetic material (DNA) • Most organelles also have a membrane around them • Mostly eukaryotic kingdoms are multicellular

  25. Larger vacuoles Chloroplast Cell wall Cells have definite shape Smaller vacuoles, some have no vacuoles No cell wall and no chloroplast More lysosomes More mitochondria Plant Cells Animal Cells

  26. Prokaryotes • Bacteria • Kingdoms ONLY • Have no nucleus (lack a nucleus) • Have only ribosomes, cytoplasm, and genetic material (DNA or RNA) • Genetic material floats freely in the cytoplasm (No nucleus) • Cell Wall and cell membrane • ALL unicellular

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