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Transcription & Translation

Transcription & Translation. Do Now: Get out yesterday’s homework (10-1 review) If a DNA strand has the nucleotide sequence TCC-GAT-AAT, what will the sequence of an RNA copy be?. Transcription. Transcription makes an RNA copy of a DNA sequence.

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Transcription & Translation

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  1. Transcription & Translation Do Now: Get out yesterday’s homework (10-1 review) If a DNA strand has the nucleotide sequence TCC-GAT-AAT, what will the sequence of an RNA copy be?

  2. Transcription • Transcription makes an RNA copy of a DNA sequence. • All of a cell’s RNA is made by transcription. (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, etc.)

  3. The Big Idea (aka “central dogma”) Replication Transcription Translation DNA mRNA Protein

  4. The strands of DNA are Antiparallel • Antiparallel means the two strands are parallel, but have opposite orientations.

  5. 5’ & 3’: The two different ends of a nucleotide strand • The numbers 5’ and 3’ refer to different carbon atoms in the sugar of a nucleotide. • The 5’ end of a strand has a phosphate attached to it. The 3’ end does not

  6. DNA & RNA Polymerase • Polymerases are enzymes that make nucleotide polymers. In other words, they make new strands of DNA or RNA. • DNA polymerase makes new DNA strands. • RNA polymerase makes new RNA strands.

  7. Polymerases Follow a Template Strand • Notice that RNA polymerase is copying the “template strand” of DNA. The “coding strand” has the same sequence as the new RNA molecule. • Only correctly base-paired matches are added • Polymerases add nucleotides to the 3’ end of a molecule

  8. RNA Polymerase at Work

  9. Recap of Key Ideas • The two strands of a DNA molecule are antiparallel, meaning one is upside down compared to the other. • Transcription is the process that makes all of a cell’s RNA. • DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are enzymes that copy a template strand of nucleotides. (DNAP makes DNA, RNAP makes RNA).

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