“We must stop meeting like this!”

1. “We must stop meeting like this!” Making Meetings Matter Kenneth J. Kovach, Facilitator Intervening to Keep the Group on Track

2. People first began meeting in this forum around 500 BC. Public meeting, particular religious ceremonies, legal and political management of the city and shopping was carried on in the Forum. The "Via Sacra" road ran through the forum and apparently the traffic was as busy as central Rome is today. The Roman Forum: The “good old days” of civility and good order!

3. Parish community meetings – Council, committees, etc. -have been places for challenging situations. Misunderstandings, frustrations, unclear communications, open conflicts, anger towards others may result when the leader looses control as well as when the leader fails to plan ahead. Tension is good . . . for a rubber band, however, in a meeting it could result in disaster for all.

4. OBSERVE BEHAVIOR The facilitator observes the behavior of the group, watching for certain behaviors and patterns of behavior but open to identifying other behaviors not immediately recognizable as significant. • INFER MEANING The facilitator infers some meaning from the behavior. An inference is a conclusion reached about something unknown, based on some things that are know. A General Diagnosis-Intervention Cycle

5. DECIDE WHETHER TO INTERVENE Based on the observation and inference, the facilitator decides whether to intervene in the group. In practice, the facilitator observes a behavior more than once before deciding to intervene in order to clarify the inference. 4. DESCRIBE OBSERVATIONS Facilitators who decide to intervene enter the fourth step, describing their observations to the group. In this step, the facilitator describes the behavior they have observed and ask group members whether they have observed the same behavior. A General Diagnosis-Intervention Cycle - continued

6. 5. TEST INFERENCES In the fifth step, the facilitator and the group test the inference the facilitator have made and decide whether it is accurate. • HELP THE GROUP DECIDE WHETHER AND HOW TO CHANGE BEHAVIOR Assuming the group and the facilitator agree with the facilitator’s inference, the facilitator and the group enter into a sixth and final step in which the facilitator helps the group members decide whether and how to redesign their behavior to be more effective. After the group has decided whether to change its behavior, the cycle begins again, and the facilitator observes whether the group has in fact changed its behavior in the manner it wanted. A General Diagnosis-Intervention Cycle - continued

7. The diagnostic stepsdescribe the facilitator’s thinking, and the intervention steps describe how facilitators share their thinking with the group. NOTE: Steps one and four, two and five, and three and six are parallel steps. A General Diagnosis-Intervention Cycle - continued

8. PROCESS • CONTENT Process vs. Content Interventions

9. Exploring • Seeking specifics • Emphasizing process • Diagnosing • Confronting and other feedback General Types of Facilitator Interventions

10. Managing group process and structure • Making content suggestions • Teaching concepts and methods • Reframing General Types of Facilitator Interventions

11. Use words and phrases that have one meaning – the meaning one wants to convey. • Use descriptive words when they can be substituted for evaluative words. • Use proper nouns or other nouns rather than pronouns. • Use active voice unless the identity of the actor is not clear. Choosing Words Carefully

12. Use words that give equal recognition to all members and all tasks. • Choose words that distinguish the facilitator from group members’ roles. • Avoid imperatives; focus instead on cause and effect. • Avoid facilitator jargon. • Avoid humor that puts down or discounts members or that can be misinterpreted.

13. Effective meetings produce results and begin with meeting planning. What do you hope to accomplish? “Begin with the end in mind.” Stephen Covey Is a meeting the appropriate vehicle for accomplishing the outcomes you expect? Why have a meeting?

14. The effective facilitator uses a wide-range of tools and techniques!

15. The “flip chart” is your primary visual aid! The “Stuff” needed for Productive Meetings

16. The “agenda” is your game plan. The “Stuff” needed for Productive Meetings

17. The “meeting room” is your home base. The “Stuff” needed for Productive Meetings

18. Dealing with Competing Conversations • Use non-verbal communication - Look steadily at the participants for a moment. - Raise your eyebrows while looking or wave to the participants. - Stop the person who has the floor. • Ask a question. - Call on one of the group members participating in the competing conversation. - With a brief summary of the discussion occurring in the meeting as a whole, ask for her / his opinion. - Ask her/him to share her/his ideas with the rest of the people in the meeting. Rescue Tactics for Meetings “Going Bad”

19. Dealing with Competing Conversations • Verbally intervene. - Directly ask the group members participating in the competing conversation to rejoin the group discussion, without using sarcasm or anger. - Say: “I’m afraid we’re missing good ideas when everyone is talking at once.” • Establish a group signal. - The group signal reminds participants to hold one discussion at a time. - One signal that works effectively is to make a non-verbal time out sign followed by holding up one index finger to indicate one meeting at a time. Rescue Tactics for Meetings “Going Bad”

20. Creating Group Norms • Group members as coworkers. - All group members are equal. - Every group member’s opinion will be thoughtfully considered. - Each group member will keep all commitments. - Each group member agrees to constantly assess whether group members are honoring their commitment to group norms. • Group member communication. - Group members will speak respectfully to each other; will not talk down to each other; will positively recognize and thank each other for group contributions. • Group member interaction in meetings. - Group members will listen without interrupting; hold no side or competing conversations; follow the ground rules set by the group at the beginning. Rescue Tactics for Meetings “Going Bad”

21. Creating Group Norms • Group problem solving, conflict resolution, and decision making. - Group members will make decisions by consensus, but majority will rule if timely consensus is not reached. - Conflicts will be resolved directly with the persons in conflict. • Group norms can encompass as many topics as the group deems necessary for successful functioning. - Start with a few group norms and add more norms as needed. - Make sure the group norms are written and posted where group members are reminded of their commitment. Rescue Tactics for Meetings “Going Bad”

22. The END of the Webinar and a NewBeginning for YOU as a Facilitator!