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Classifying Chemical Reactions

Classifying Chemical Reactions. Section 8.3. 5 Main Reaction Types. Combustion Synthesis Polymerization Decomposition Single Displacement Double Displacement. Combustion. Combustion = the oxidation reaction of an organic cmpd, in which heat is released

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Classifying Chemical Reactions

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  1. Classifying Chemical Reactions Section 8.3

  2. 5 Main Reaction Types • Combustion • Synthesis • Polymerization • Decomposition • Single Displacement • Double Displacement

  3. Combustion • Combustion = the oxidation reaction of an organic cmpd, in which heat is released • General form: Fuel + O2H2O + CO2 + E • Fuel is a hydrocarbon, CnHn

  4. Synthesis • Synthesis – a rxn in which 2 or more substances combine to form a new cmpd • General form: A + B  AB • 2 small  1 large • Ca + Cl2 CaCl2

  5. Decomposition • Decomposition – a rxn in which a single cmpd breaks down to form two or more simpler substances • General form: AB  A + B • 2H2O(l)  2H2 (g) + O2 (g)

  6. Single Displacement • Displacement reaction – chemical rxn in which one element replaces another element in a compound that is in solution • General form of s.d. = A + BC  AC + B

  7. Single Displacement • 2Al(s)+3CuCl2(aq)2AlCl3(aq)+3Cu(s) • 1 element displaces another – use activity series to determine if one will displace the other • Activity Series – a series of elements that have similar properties & that arranged in descending order of chemical activity

  8. Using the Activity Series • The more readily an element reacts w/other substances, the greater its activity. • An element from above can displace another below it but not vice versa • The farther apart, the more likely the top will displace the bottom.

  9. Double Displacement • Double displacement reaction – a rxn in which a gas, a solid ppt, or molecular cmpd forms from the apparent exchange of atoms or ions b/t 2 cmpds • General form: AB + CD  AD + CB

  10. Double Displacement • 2KI(aq)+Pb(NO3)2(aq)PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq) • K and Pb have switched places • Cations will displace cations only

  11. Double Displacement • More accurately written as net ionic equations • Net ionic equation – equation that includes only those cmpds. and ions that are involved in a chemical change in a rxn.

  12. Double Displacement • 2K+(aq) + 2I-(aq) + Pb2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) PbI2(s) + 2K+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) • NIE= Pb2+(aq) + 2I-(aq) PbI2(s) • Ions that were removed are: • Spectator ions – ions that remained unchanged in a chemical rxn.

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