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Adenovirus and Cryptosporidium co-infection in a Corn snake ( Elaphe guttata guttata )

Adenovirus and Cryptosporidium co-infection in a Corn snake ( Elaphe guttata guttata ). Debabrata Mahapatra Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology. Case History (N08-13). A 13 month old male corn snake was part of the breeding stock of ~2500 mixed Colubrid species.

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Adenovirus and Cryptosporidium co-infection in a Corn snake ( Elaphe guttata guttata )

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  1. Adenovirus and Cryptosporidium co-infection in a Corn snake (Elaphe guttata guttata) Debabrata Mahapatra Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  2. Case History (N08-13) • A 13 month old male corn snake was part of the breeding stock of ~2500 mixed Colubrid species. • Off-feed about 2 weeks and sharply declining. • Recently moved into a different facility. • Gross findings: No gross lesions. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  3. Section of stomach showing mucosal hypertrophy and hyperplasia, mononuclear infiltration in lamina propria and numerous cryptosporidia. (400x) Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  4. EM of sporulating oocysts located in parasitophorous vacuoles (PV) with sporozoites (Sp) and residual body (R) PV PV Sp R Sp Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  5. EM of two schizonts (S) with mature sickle-shaped merozoites (M). An oocyst (O) on the left with feeder organelle (FO) that is separated from the host by a dense band (DB) M S S DB FO M O Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  6. Section of intestine showing villous blunting, expansion of lamina propria with mononuclear cell infiltration. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  7. Section of intestine showing prominent large basophilic enterocyte intranuclear inclusion bodies. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  8. EM of a intranuclear inclusion body (I) with numerous electron dense viral particles (V) within a nucleus (N). I V N Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  9. Morphological diagnosis • Proliferative gastritis, lymphoplasmacytic, diffuse, moderate, with intralesional protozoal parasites consistent with Cryptosporidium sp., stomach. • Enteritis, lymphoplasmacytic, multifocal, mild to moderate, with enterocyte intranuclear inclusions consistent with adenovirus, small intestine. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  10. Cryptosporidiosis • Cryptosporidium has been reported in over 57 different species of reptiles including: • 40 species of snakes • 15 species of lizards • 2 species of tortoises Of all reptiles, snakes are most severely affected. Lesions are mostly restricted to stomach and intestine with proliferative gastritis and enteritis. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  11. Cryptosporidiosis • Lizards have a wider range of tissue tropism. Identified in: • In kidneys of Parson’s chameleon. • In kidneys, salivary glands, aural and pharyngeal polyps in green iguana. • Most common species affecting snakes is Cryptosporidium serpentis. • Recently, C. saurophilum has been described in lizards. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  12. Adenovirus • Adenoviruses are reported in: • 12 different species of reptiles of the orders Crocodilia and Squamata including • Serpentes (snakes) and Sauria (lizards) suborders. • Most of the cases are reported from zoological collection and commercial breeders. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  13. Adenovirus • Incriminated as the cause of gastroenteritis, hepatitis, nephritis, pneumonia, and encephalitis. • Gastrointestinal lesions have been described in snakes in the families Boidae, Colubridae and Viperidae. • Cytopathologic changes include: • Large eosinophilic to basophilic intranuclear inclusions • Nuclear swelling • Ballooning degeneration • Necrosis of organs Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  14. Conclusion Primary infection with adenovirus might have immunocompromised the snake and predisposed it to secondary infection with cryptosporidia. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  15. Acknowledgement • Dr. David Taylor • Dr. Lisa Farina • Dr. Mary Reinhard • Dr. Elliot Jacobson’s lab • Lou Ann Miller • UF CVM Histopathology lab members • Residents Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

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