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The Sun

The Sun. NASA photograph, Skylab, 10 December 1973. Sun Facts. Mass 1.989 × 10 30 kg (99.9% of Solar system) Diameter 1.39 million km (109 times Earth) Surface Temperature 6000K Energy Output 3.826 × 10 36 W. Spectrum of the Sun. Source: McMath-Pierce Solar Observatories. Layers.

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The Sun

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  1. The Sun NASA photograph, Skylab, 10 December 1973

  2. Sun Facts • Mass 1.989 × 1030 kg (99.9% of Solar system) • Diameter 1.39 million km (109 times Earth) • Surface Temperature 6000K • Energy Output 3.826 × 1036 W

  3. Spectrum of the Sun Source: McMath-Pierce Solar Observatories

  4. Layers Source:Gribbin & Gribbin, From Here to Infinity, 2008, p. 68

  5. Sun’s corona Source: Koen van Gorp

  6. Density Source: Arny & Schneider, Explorations, p.314.

  7. Fusion in the Core Source: Seeds, Horizons: Exploring the Universe Net reaction: 4 p+ 4He + 2 e+ + 2 n+ 2 g

  8. Surface • Granules • convection cells • Around 1000 km across • Typically last about 10 minutes Source: NOAO

  9. Sunspots • Relatively cool surface region • Associated with magnetic disruptions Source: Vacuum Tower Telescope, National Solar Observatory

  10. Sun’s Magnetic Field • Sun’s interior (plasma) conducts electric current • Sun rotates: faster at equator than poles

  11. Gas circulation Source: Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)

  12. Solar Cycle Source: Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)

  13. Solar cycle • Magnetic field reverses every ~11 yr Source:Gribbin & Gribbin, From Here to Infinity, 2008, p. 72

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