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I. Competing Economic Models II. The Cold War: 1945-1962 III. Vietnam and Afghanistan: 1962-1991

I. Competing Economic Models II. The Cold War: 1945-1962 III. Vietnam and Afghanistan: 1962-1991 IV. M. S. Gorbachev and the End of Bipolarity, 1985-91 V. Decolonization. I. Competing Economic Models 1944, Bretton Woods Conference >United Nations 44 Countries

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I. Competing Economic Models II. The Cold War: 1945-1962 III. Vietnam and Afghanistan: 1962-1991

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  1. I. Competing Economic Models II. The Cold War: 1945-1962 III. Vietnam and Afghanistan: 1962-1991 IV. M. S. Gorbachev and the End of Bipolarity, 1985-91 V. Decolonization Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present

  2. I. Competing Economic Models • 1944, Bretton Woods Conference • >United Nations • 44 Countries • A. A New Capitalist Framework • 1945 - International Montery Fund • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) • 1947 - General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade • B. The Soviet Alternative • COMECON

  3. II. The Cold War: 1945-1962 • A. The Roots of the Cold War • B. The Cold War in Europe, to 1953 • Yalta Conference Pact • mutual accusations of violations • by 1948, satellites: • Warsaw, East Berlin, Prague, Budapest, Bucharest, Sofia, Tirana • Germany, 1946 - Britain and U.S. merge > Bizonia • 1948 - French join • > divided Germany: Iron Curtain

  4. II. The Cold War: 1945-1962 • B. The Cold War in Europe, to 1953 • Truman Doctrine, 1947 • aid to Greece, Turkey • = entry into Cold War • Policy of containment • Marshall Plan • aid for Europe • Dodge Plan - Japan • 1948 - Russia blockades Berlin • lifted, 1949 • > Federal Republic of Germany, Western • German Democratic Republic, Soviet • North Atlantic Treaty Alliance, 1949 • 1955 - Warsaw Pact

  5. II. The Cold War: 1945-1962 • C. China and Korea, 1949-53 • 1949 - Mao Zedong • Korea split • June, 1950 - North Korea invades South • UN in, 1950-53 • D. The Krushchev Years, 1953-62 • 1953 - Death of Stalin • > collective leadership: • Lavrenti Beria • Georgi Malenkov • Vyacheslav Molotov • 1956, 21st Party Congress • "Crimes of the Stalin Era" • 1957 - Soviet Triumphs • Sputnik • ICBMs • E. Krushchev and Kennedy • 1962 - Bay of Pigs • > Soviet missiles in Cuba

  6. III. Vietnam and Afghanistan: 1962-1991 • A. The Americanization of the Vietnamese Civil War • Increased U.S. presence • 500,000 U.S. troops by 1968 • 1973 - Accord • withdrawal of U.S. troops • 1975 - offensive from Hanoi • B. Repercussions of the U.S. Failure • 1970, Cambodia • Communists take Cambodia, Laos • Khmer Rouge - Pol Pot • Khmer Rouge expelled by 1994

  7. III. Vietnam and Afghanistan: 1962-1991 • C. The USSR's Vietnam: Afghanistan • 1978, USSR and Vietnam's "Friendship Treaty" • President Hafizullah Amin • supported by Soviets • 1979, his regime threatened • December, 1979, USSR takes Kabul • Babrak Kamal installed • Mujahideen • resistance • supported by Saudi Arabia, U.S. • 1989, Soviet withdrawal • Civil war continues • Taliban • Osama bin Laden, al-Qaeda

  8. IV. M. S. Gorbachev and the End of Bipolarity, 1985-91 • Mikhail Gorbachev, 1985-1991 • 1985, meeting with Reagan • > Intermediate Nuclear Forces agreement, 1987 • = End of Cold War • 1991, Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty • 1989, withdrawal from Afghanistan

  9. B. The Middle East and North Africa • World War II hastens decolonization • Iran • Mohammad Mosaddeq • oil nationalized • Shah forced to flee • 1954 - military coup • sponsored by CIA • Tunisia, Egypt • Habib Bourguiba, Abdel Gamel Nasser • nationalist movements • National Liberation Front (FLN) • > fall of Fourth Republic • 1956 - Suez Crisis • French, English, Israelis v. Nasser • U.S., Soviet Union support Nasser • V. Decolonization • A. Asia • French Rule, Indochina (Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam) • continues • Cambodia, Laos autonomous after World War II • 1945 - Ho Chi Minh, Republic of Vietnam • 1946 - War • 1950, U.S. troops in • Republic of South Vietnam • Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) • anti-communist

  10. D. The United Nations: • Midwife for Independence Movements • 1941 - Great Britain, U.S. • 1945 - Charter • 51 members > 191, 2002 • Organization • Security Counci8l • General Assembly • Economic and Social Council • Trusteeship Council • International Court of Justice • Secretariat • Secretary-general • Big Five • U.S., U.S.S.R., China, France, Great Britain • Security Council - 11 members • Big Five permanent • Six elected for two-year terms • V. Decolonization • C. Sub-Saharan Africa • Gold Coast leads • 1945, Constitution • Legislative Council • United Gold Coast Convention • Kwame Nkrumah • > Convention People's Party, 1949 • 1951 - CPP wins elections • > 1957, Britain grants elections • > Ghana • France, Belgium, Portugal retain control • Guinea the exception • Sekou Touré • 1958, Independence • > 13 French colonies independent • Angola • independence

  11. Fortune magazine, May, 1954

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