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The Vietnam War 1954-1975

The Vietnam War 1954-1975. Chapter 31. Background Vietnam. Indochina wanted freedom from the French after WWII. The Vietminh, led by Ho Chi Minh defeated the French at the Battle of… With the Geneva Accords, Indochina was divided into… Elections were never held in Vietnam.

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The Vietnam War 1954-1975

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  1. The Vietnam War1954-1975 Chapter 31

  2. Background Vietnam • Indochina wanted freedom from the French after WWII. • The Vietminh, led by Ho Chi Minh defeated the French at the Battle of… • With the Geneva Accords, Indochina was divided into… • Elections were never held in Vietnam.

  3. Background (continued) • Communist influence dominated the North led by Ho Chi Minh. • South Vietnam was led by Diem who was a non-communist. • Even though Diem was corrupt, the US supported him because… • Military advisors were sent to SVN to…

  4. Background (continued) • President in 1954? • Eisenhower felt defense of SVN was critical because of the “domino theory” –define. • Tensions between the North and South escalated into a Civil War with the US tied…

  5. Guerrilla Warfare • Ho Chi Minh led a guerrilla warfare type of fighting. Define. • His army was called the… • SVN continued to rely on US aid, and when Kennedy became president, he continued to…

  6. Kennedy • Kennedy and the Democrats felt it was important to take a tough stance against the communist because… • Diem, the southern leader, was not popular because he was Catholic in a Buddhist country. • A Buddhist monk set him self on fire…

  7. Buddhist Monk Protests Diem’s Rule

  8. Diem’s Assassination • In November, 1963 Diem was… • Without Diem’s leadership, SVN became increasingly… • With Kennedy’s assassination, Johnson inherited…

  9. Johnson and Vietnam • Under Johnson’s leadership, the US role in VN… • Johnson pushed the Gulf of Tonkin resolution and ordered US troops to take whatever action was needed to prevent attacks. • With the GoT resolution, Congress basically gave the president… • Impact GoT resolution – 1965- 185,000 troops 1968 – 500,000 troops

  10. Connection to Today?

  11. Why did America lose in Vietnam? • The US was much more powerful than North Vietnam. Why did the US lose? • The Vietcong were willing to sustain… • It was difficult to know who… • Guerrilla warfare techniques… • Decreasing popular support in…

  12. Who was the Enemy?

  13. Vietnam Divides the U.S. • At first, Americans supported the Vietnam “conflict.” • As television brought images of the war every night, public opinion… • Young men in college could be “deferred” (delayed) from the draft if… • This led to a higher percentage of African Americans being…

  14. Muhammad Ali Refuses to be Drafted

  15. Protests • College protests often became the focus of… • “Teach-Ins” became a popular method to show one’s opposition to…

  16. Hawks v. Doves • The Doves opposed the war because: • It was… • It was too… • The Hawks supported the war because: • The US had… • Fear that communism…

  17. Hawks

  18. Views of Vietnam

  19. 1968 • 1968 marked the decade’s most tumultuous year. Why • Tet Offensive occurred – the Vietcong invaded… • Johnson’s popularity declined and he declared he would… • Assassinations of… • Protest at Democratic National Convention…

  20. King’s Assassination

  21. Robert Kennedy’s Funeral

  22. Election of 1968 • Repub – Richard Nixon • Demo – Hubert Humphrey • American Independent Party – George Wallace • Wallace pulled support from Nixon, gaining 13% of… Nixon’s election and Wallace’s strong showing represented a silent majority…

  23. The War Winds Down • Nixon moved to decrease US involvement in Vietnam with the policy of Vietnamization: • Reduce… • Train… • Nixon also sent his secretary of state…

  24. My Lai • Even as US troops were scaling back, the US led invasion of My Lai occurred. • US troops killed at least 200 Vietnamese civilians… • The US leader, Lt. Calley, was…

  25. My Lai Massacre

  26. War Dissent (Opposition) Increases • War dissent increased when President Nixon ordered the… • At Kent State University, college students protested the war. National guard troops fired at the… • Ten days later at Jackson State College, two….

  27. Four Dead in Ohio

  28. Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young Tin soldiers and Nixon's comin'.We're finally on our own.This summer I hear the drummin'.Four dead in Ohio.Gotta get down to it.Soldiers are gunning us down.Should have been done long ago.What if you knew her andFound her dead on the ground?How can you run when you know? • Gotta get down to it.Soldiers are cutting us down.Should have been done long ago.What if you knew her andFound her dead on the ground?How can you run when you know?Tin soldiers and Nixon's comin'.We're finally on our own.This summer I hear the drummin'.Four dead in Ohio.Four dead in Ohio.Four dead in Ohio.Four dead in Ohio.Four dead in Ohio.Four dead in Ohio.Four dead in Ohio.Four dead in Ohio.Four dead in Ohio.

  29. The Youth Movement • Many baby boomers, reaching teen years during the 1960s, felt disillusionment with the Vietnam War. • Two factions of youth groups opposed the war. #1 – the New Left – openly opposed the war, organized… #2 – the Counterculture (hippies) – were tired of Vietnam, racism, materialism, etc. They often “dropped out”…

  30. America Leave Vietnam • As Vietnamization was put in place, American troops gradually… • April 1974 (know date) all American troops were… • Within one year, all of Vietnam…

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