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From the American to the French Revolution

From the American to the French Revolution. 1776-1789. The 13 British colonies. Outline. Introduction Part I. The American independence Part II. A New country Part III. The revolution of 1789 Part IV. Impact on Europe Conclusion References. Introduction.

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From the American to the French Revolution

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  1. From the American to the French Revolution 1776-1789

  2. The 13 British colonies

  3. Outline • Introduction • Part I. The American independence • Part II. A New country • Part III. The revolution of 1789 • Part IV. Impact on Europe • Conclusion • References

  4. Introduction • The French and Indian War (1754-1763) changed the relationship between the colonies and their mother country, England • A decade of conflicts between the British government and the colonists, beginning with the Stamp Act crisis in 1765, led to the outbreak of war 1775 and the Declaration of Independence 1776 • At the end of the war in 1783, Britain recognized its former colonies as an independent nation. In 1789 the people of the several states ratified the Constitution that created a stronger central government • French Revolution, major transformation of the society and political system of France, lasting from 1789 to 1799 • France was temporarily transformed from an absolute monarchy to a republic of free and equal citizens. The effects of the French Revolution were widespread, both inside and outside of France, and the Revolution ranks as one of the most important events in the history of Europe

  5. Part I. The American independence • American Revolution (1775-1783), conflict between 13 British colonies in North America and Great Britain • Two related events: the American War of Independence (1775-1783) and the formation of the American government as laid out by the Constitution of the United States in 1787 • Prior to France's defeat in the French and Indian War (1754-1763), Britain had 13 colonies in North America • Each colony was a separate entity; Inter colony ties were not created until events, such as the French and Indian War and conflicts with Britain, united the colonists

  6. Lafayette (1757-1834), French military leader and statesman, fought on the side of the colonists during the American Revolution and took a prominent part in the French Revolution Friend of George Washington and a member of his staff, his contributions in the Virginia campaign led to the surrender of the British in Yorktown

  7. Part II. A New country • 1507 A German cartographer called the New continent “Americus” in honor of the navigator Amerigo Vespucci • 1513 The French reach the Mississipi • 1607 First English settlement at Jamestown • 1664 New Amsterdam became New York, after the Duke of York • Spanish Florida in 1513 and New Mexico in 1540 • Russians in Alaska 1741 • 1776 The 13 British colonies become independent • American constitution in 1787-1789 • 1861-65 Civil War, the North wins, slavery abolished

  8. On July 14, 1789 the mob, tired of the oppressive brutality of the French monarchy, captured the Bastille, the royal prison in Paris

  9. Part III. The revolution of 1789 Causes • Growing economic and social importance of the bourgeoisie • Economic recession in the 1770s frustrated some bourgeois in their rise to power and wealth, and rising bread prices just before the Revolution certainly increased discontent among workers and peasants • The revolutionary process started with a crisis in the French state; by 1789 many French people had become critical of the monarchy (inefficient government and antiquated legal system) • Versailles came to symbolize the waste and corruption of the Old Regime • Influential group of professional intellectuals called the philosophes; They redefined such terms as despotism, or the oppression of a people by an arbitrary ruler; liberty and rights; and the nation

  10. Louis XVI of France married to Marie-Antoinette, considered a well-intentioned but weak king. A heavy tax burden and court extravagances led to a popular revolt against him and paved the way for the Revolution. Louis was guillotined by the revolutionary regime in 1793

  11. Part III. The revolution of 1789 Events • France participated in a series of costly wars—the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748), the Seven Years’ War (1756-1763), and the American Revolution (1775-1783) • June 20 1789 the Tennis Court Oath by members of the National Assembly • July 11 the popular minister of finance Necker was dismissed • On July 14 the crowd assaulted the Bastille in Paris • August 4, 1789, abolition of the privileges • At the end of August, the National Assembly promulgated the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen • The king reluctantly approved the new constitution on September 14, 1791

  12. Part IV. Impact on Europe • Bills of rights and constitutions, establishment of legal equality among all citizens, experiments with representative democracy, the incorporation of the church into the state, and the reconstruction of state administration and the law code • Many of these changes were adopted elsewhere in Europe as well by choice in some places, but in others imposed by the French army during the French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1797) and the Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815) • The French Revolution provided the most influential model of popular insurrection until the Russian Revolution of 1917

  13. Conclusion • The conflict between 13 British colonies in North America and their parent country, Great Britain ended with a declaration of independence. • George Washington became the first president of the United States • The war with England continued at the beginning of the 19th century • The French Revolution was a political movement devoted to liberty, abolition of serfdom, slavery, inherited privilege, and judicial torture; belief that a nation was not a group of royal subjects but a society of equal citizens • The French revolution also promoted nationalism. Napoleon’s occupation provoked nationalism to organize in Italy and Germany • The fact that most European countries are or are becoming parliamentary democracies, along the lines set out by the French Revolution, suggests its enduring influence

  14. References • http://www.usahistory.info/colonies/New-Amsterdam.html • http://www.newyorkhistory.info/ • http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/SRPage.aspx?search=usa+history • http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/SRPage.aspx?search=french+revolution

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