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Affect Verbs

Affect Verbs. Affect and transitivity. Transitive verbs: two participants Affect verbs are PROTOTYPICAL transitive verbs. AFFECTOR: does something AFFECTED: suffers the effects of the affector’s doing. Complication. Sometimes the Affector uses an instrument.

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Affect Verbs

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  1. Affect Verbs

  2. Affect and transitivity • Transitive verbs: two participants • Affect verbs are PROTOTYPICAL transitive verbs. • AFFECTOR: does something • AFFECTED: suffers the effects of the affector’s doing.

  3. Complication • Sometimes the Affector uses an instrument. • Sometimes the instrument is affected. • Sometimes the effect on the Affected is not very strong.

  4. DIXON’S SEMANTIC ANALYSIS • Semantic roles: AGENT, MANIPULATED, TARGET • AGENT moves or manipulates something (MANIPULATED) • MANIPULATED comes into contact with some thing or person (TARGET) • TARGET or and MANIPULATED are physically afected by the activity.

  5. Main Sentence Patterns (Dixon) • 1. AGENT-TARGET-MANIPULATED • John hit the vase (with the stick ) • SU V DO PO • 2. AGENT-MANIPULATED-TARGET • John hit that stick on/against the table • SU V DO PO • 3. MANIPULATED- TARGET • That stick hit the vase • SU V DO

  6. Extra Patterns • Variations on Pattern (1) • 1. AGENT-TARGET-MANIPULATED • John hit the vase (with the stick ) • SU V DO PO • 1.b.John kicked at the door (with his boot) • SU V PO PO • 1. c. John hit out (at the door) (with that stick) • SU V P PO PO

  7. Degree of affectedness • TOUCH: minimal contact • HIT: movement and contact • STAB: go below surface • RUB: affect surface • WRAP: bring into matching position • STRETCH: change of state • BUILD: create • BREAK: cause to lose unity

  8. TOUCH (2810) • AGENT-TARGET (18) • MANIPULATED-TARGET (9) • AGENT-MANIPULATED-TARGET (2) • EMOTION (3) • Loretta was surprised and touched. • POSSESSOR ASCENSION (3) • Talbot touched Cousteau on the arm • TARGET-RECIPROCAL (2) • Their fingers touched briefly.

  9. HIT (9659) • AGENT-TARGET (11) • MANIPULATED-TARGET (15) • PASSIVE (9) • POSSESSOR ASCENSION (2) • EMOTION (2)

  10. RUB (852) • AGENT-TARGET (18) • AGENT-MANIPULATED-TARGET (6) • AGENT-TARGET-MANIPULATED (4) • MANIPULATED-TARGET (7) • PASSIVE (9)

  11. Stab • S-V-DO (17) • Passive (21) • Stab to death (11)

  12. WRAP (1613) • MANIPULATED-TARGET (10) • TARGET (6) • TARGET-MANIPULATED (21) • AGENT-MANIPULATED-TARGET(6) • AGENT-TARGET-MANIPULATED (4)

  13. BUILD (12674) • PASSIVE (40) • AGENT-TARGET (4) • AGENT-TARGET-MANIPULATED (1) • Frankenstein built the body of a man using bones.

  14. BREAK (5130) • PREPOSITIONAL (32) • ADJECTIVE (4) • AGENT-TARGET (3) • AGENT-TARGET METAPHOR (4) • Tess broke the news to her parents.

  15. Affectedness and syntax • low affectedness Ag- Pred- Patient • mixed paterns • high affectedness Patient- Pred-pass

  16. Special constructions (collocations) • stab to death • Cultural patterns • rub one’s hands • rub one’s eyes • rub one’s chin

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