BOTANY

1. BOTANY The Study of the plant kingdom

2. Examples Seedless Vascular Nonvascular Dicot Angiosperm Gymnosperm BOTANY Monocot

4. Characteristics of Plant Kingdom • Are multicellulareukaryotes that are photosynthetic autotrophs • Contain chloroplasts with chlorophyll a • Cell walls made of cellulose • Carbohydrates are stored as starch in plastids • All undergo mitosis and nearly all have sexual reproduction

5. Classification of Plants • Kingdom - Plantae • Division (-phyta) • Class (-opsida) • Subclass (-idae) • Order (-ales) • Family (-aceae) • Genus • Species (Genus + specific epithet)

6. Magnolia grandiflora • Plantae--includes all plants • Magnoliophyta--flowering plants • Magnoliopsida--dicots • Magnoliidae--subclass for Magnolia-like plants • Magnoliales--order for Magnolia-like plants • Magnoliaceae--family for Magnolia-like plants • Magnolia--genus that includes all Magnolias • grandiflora--specific epithet

7. Angiosperms • Flowering plants … are the most widespread and diverse • Classes include: • Monocotyledons (Monocots) • Dicotyledons (Dicots)

8. Monocots: flower parts in 3s one cotyledon scattered vascular bundles parallel veins in leaves Fiberous root Examples: grass, lilies, orchids Dicots: flower parts: 4s & 5s 2 cotyledons vascular bundles in rings netlike veins in leaves tap root Examples: bean, spinach, rose Differences between Monocots and Dicots

9. Monocots: flower parts in 3s Dicots: flower parts: 4s & 5s Monocots vs Dicots

10. Monocots: one cotyledon Dicots: 2 cotyledons Monocots vs Dicots

11. Monocots: scattered vascular bundles Dicots: vascular bundles in rings Monocots vs Dicots

12. Monocots: parallel veins in leaves Dicots: netlike veins in leaves Monocots vs Dicots

13. Monocots: fiberous roots Dicots: tap root Monocots vs Dicots

14. As Harriet turned the page, a screamescaped her lips. There was Donald—hisstrange disappearance no longer a mystery.

15. Parts of flower Flower is the reproductive structure of an angiosperm

17. Stamen Pistil Stigma Anther Style Filament Ovary Petal Ovule Sepal Structure of a Flower • 1.Pistil:female reproductive structure • Stigma: sticky tip; traps pollen • Style: slender tube; transports pollen from stigma to ovary • Ovary: contains ovules;ovary develops into fruit • Ovule: contains egg cell which develops into a seed when fertilized

18. Stamen Pistil Stigma Anther Style Filament Ovary Petal Ovule Sepal Structure of a Flower Slide # 13 • Stamen: male reproductive structure • Filament: thin stalk; supports anther • Anther: knob-like structure; produces pollen • Pollen: contains microscopic cells that become sperm cells

19. Stamen Pistil Stigma Anther Style Filament Ovary Petal Ovule Sepal Structure of a Flower Slide # 14 • Sepals: encloses & protects flower before it blooms • Petals: usually colorful & scented; attracts pollinators

20. "And now we're going to play she-loves-me, she-loves-me-not!

21. Occurs when a grain of pollen lands on the stigma. If the pollen is from the right kind of plant, and lands on the flower, the pollen grain will break open and its content produce a tube that grows down through the style into the ovule. Flower Pollination

22. When the tube has finished growing , a sperm cell emerges from the tube and fertilizes the egg cell in the ovule. If everything goes right, pollination is followed by fertilization Flower Pollination

23. Flower Pollination • During fertilization, the pollen grain breaks out of the hard cell wall. • The fertilized egg and the ovule that surround it become ( develops into ) the seed

24. Fruit Ripened ovary that protects dormant seeds and aids in their dispersal

25. Fruit • Fruit can be classified as being: • Fleshy: What we think of as fruit. • Dry Indehiscent: Do not open at maturity • Dry Dehiscent: Open at maturity

26. The endocarp is liquid The exocarp is the skin The mesocarp is the meaty part you eat Berry

27. Berry

28. Indian military has decided to use the thumb-sized world's hottest chili to make tear gas-like hand grenades to immobilize suspects 'Bhut jolokia' or 'ghost chili' pepper It has more than 1,000,000 Scoville units, the scientific measurement of a chili's spiciness. Classic Tabasco sauce ranges from 2,500 to 5,000 Scoville units, while jalapeno peppers measure anywhere from 2,500 to 8,000.

29. Hesperidium • The endocarp is liquid • The exocarp is the skin • The mesocarp is the white

30. Hesperidium

31. The endocarp is stony Drupe

32. Drupe

33. Pome

34. The bumps on the outside of the cucumber are called lenticel and function in gas exchange Pepo

35. Pepo

36. The green is the sepal The red is the receptacle The seeds are called achene Aggregate

37. The Husk on the outside are the sepals Multiple

39. Bob the Berry Larry the Pepo

40. Dry Indehiscent(do not open at maturity) • nut • achene

41. Samara: maple caryopsis Dry Indehiscent(do not open at maturity)

42. Sililque: ex mustard Septacidal; ex yucca Dry Dehiscent(open at maturity)

43. Follicle: Ex Milkweed Legume: ex Pea plant Dry Dehiscent

44. Locucidal: ex cotton Porocidal: ex poppy Dry Dehiscent

45. Functions: Anchorage support Absorption translocation 2 Broad classifications: Fiberous root Tap roots: Root System

46. fiberous root: have numerous roots of near equal size growing in many directions(Monocots) Roots

47. Tap roots: has one clearly dominant root which grows straight down with smaller lateral roots branching off ( dicots) Roots

48. Monocot Root

50. Dicot Root