UAMBL

1. UAMBL Unit of Action Maneuver Battle Lab Future Combat System MAJ Rob Barnhill 1

2. Purpose To provide an Information Briefing on the Future Combat System, the Unit of Action design and the concepts by which we will fight these new systems.

3. Agenda • Future Operational Environment • UA Characteristics and Capabilities • UA Design and Structure • Quality of Firsts • UA Battlespace • What makes this Force Different

4. Operational Environment • Doctrine • Access Denial - encompasses strategic preclusion, operational exclusion and access limitation • System Warfare - critical links, nodes, seams and vulnerabilities to level the playing field. • Opportunistic - primarily defensive in nature (regionally), but allowing for offensive maneuver during periods of opportunity. • Strategic Attack - direct effect on American national will, leadership and strategy. Tactics • Hide, Blind, Disperse, Decoy, Hug • Protect assets from detection • Trade space & bodies for time • Use complex terrain to degrade intelligence and reconnaissance • Oppose access & movement (in CONUS to arrival) • Force us to occupy large areas • Combined attrition with information warfare • Synchronize attacks to maximize stress on US forces • Use media events to advantage

5. Future Force Characteristics X III Light X Armor X Airborne X III Air Assault X Mech Inf X SBCT ACR • Responsive: Embodies time, distance, and sustained momentum • Deployable: Truly responsive forces must be deployable and capable of quickly and rapidly concentrating combat power in an Operational Area. • Agile: Mental and physical agility to transition among the various types of operations. • Versatile: Inherent capacity of Future Force formations to dominate at any point of the Spectrum of Military Operations. • Lethal: When Future Force deploys, every element in the Warfighting formation is capable of generating combat power contributing to the fight. • Survivable: Objective Force takes advantage of technologies that provide maximum protection of the soldier level on or off the platforms. • Sustainable:Reduce logistics footprint and replenishment demand. SOF

6. UA Required Capabilities UA • Transportable by C130-like aircraft • UA deploy in 96 Hours—with ability to Fight on Arrival • Battle Command on the Move • C4ISR (Battle Command) Network • Networked Army and Joint Fires • Overmatch in all Conditions/Environments • Soldiers and Platforms Leverage Active and Passive Force Protection Systems • Reduced Sustainment Requirements and Logistic Footprint • Tactical and Operational Mobility CLOSE WITH AND DESTROY ENEMY FORCES TO SEIZE TERRAIN AND DOMINATE THE BATTLEFIELD

7. Unit of Action Design HHC INF MCS RECON HHC V FSB 2 x 157 190 34 88 62 2 x 37 UA 2550 NLOS BIC 177 266 110 91 3 x 572

8. Family of Future Combat Systems • Soldiers remain the centerpiece of FCS • More important than machines; soldiers win wars, • not machines. • The Soldier is a platform • Tied into the Network • Unmanned technology enhances operations • Armed with increased situational awareness • Knowledge based Battle Command • Physically and psychologically prepared for • non-contiguous warfare • Full spectrum live and virtual training in • multi-disciplined skills

9. Family of Future Combat Systems  Unmanned Air Platforms Infantry Carrier Vehicle Class I and II UAVs) Tube-launched Small UAV TUAV Class III UAV Class IV UAV RAH-66 Comanche  Combat Robots  Soldier Robots MCS - BLOS/LOS Reconnaissance and Surveillance Armed Reconnaissance NLOS Cannon Mortar ICV NLOS Launch Systems Medical Treatment / Evac C2V

10. Conceptual Framework • ENTRY OPERATIONS • ACTIONS BEFORE FORCES ARE JOINED • Develops Situation out of contact • Decides When / Where to fight • Sets conditions • Maneuvers to position of advantage • ACTIONS DURING CONTACT • Initiates decisive combat at chosen time/place • Continues to develop the situation in contact • Continues to integrate RSTA, maneuver, fires, and the network • TACTICAL ASSAULT • Notion of close combat has expanded, but still must retain capability to close with and destroy the enemy through assault TRANSITIONS SEE FIRST UNDERSTAND FIRST ACT FIRST FINISH DECISIVELY Transition to next engagement

11. See First • See the parts: • Detect • Identify • Track • Key Enablers: • Combat Identification • Reconnaissance • Organic sensors (robotic, multi- • spectral and disposable) • UAV • Embedded platform C4ISR • Sensor fusion • Global Information Grid • Joint C4ISR network • Leader training • Real-time mapping • Inter-agency coordination • See the Whole: • Aggregate • Fuse • See Environment: • Terrain • Weather • Population Force enemy to see last. Blind him through obscurants, deception, jamming, Pattern avoidance, signature reduction and counter-sensor operations.

12. Understand First • See the pattern: • Concept of operations • Scheme of maneuver • Centers of gravity • Decisive points • Vulnerabilities • Key Enablers: • Pattern analysis & recognition • Experienced based judgment • Knowledge focused • On demand collaboration • Layered, redundant sensors • Reconnaissance by action to • compel a response • Force enemy to reveal intent • See the next several moves: • Enemy intent • Where he will go • ID likely methods • Action/reaction/counteraction Force enemy to understand last by employing deception, pattern Avoidancce and usage of irregular battlefield geometry

13. Act First • Key Enablers: • Situational awareness of red/blue • Embedded organizational C4ISR • Enhanced clearance of fires • Sensor-decided-shooter links • Advanced weapons control • Enhanced communications • Battle Command Network • Intent centric not plan centric • GIG and Joint reach capability • In stride obstacle/mine detection • Organic LOS, BLOS and NLOS • Enhanced survivability • UE, Army and Joint fires • Platform: • Acquire • Shoot • Move • Reengage • Unit: • Determine options • Decide first • Act to force reaction • Synch fires and maneuver • Establish area of influence • Shape, synch, and then • transition to assault Force enemy to act last or wrong. Deny enemy action by deception, remotely emplacing obstacles, preemptive and immediate counterfire. Jam his computers, automation and weapons control equipment

14. Finish Decisively Key Enablers: Tactical overmatch • Organic LOS/BLOS/NLOS fires • Organic non - lethal fires • Situational Awareness of Red and Blue • Global information grid and Joint C4ISR network • Scaleable integrated Joint fires and effects • Capable of independent action • Vertical maneuver • All forms of Offense • - Exploitation Pursuit - Sustainment for 3 days high optempo • Campaign qualities • Mobility • • Assault: Mounted, Dismounted, Mounted sptd by Dismounted, Dismounted sptd by Mounted • Mission staging of maneuver sustainment • Disrupt communications • Remotely placed obstacles • Logistics efficiency • Finish by: • Destroy enemy ability to fight • Eliminate freedom of action • Exploit success • Conduct close combat • Transition to assault • Follow through to enemy • destruction No tactical pause • Focus on “Profitable Fight” • Block moves to sanctuary •

15. Networked Fires BLOS Mutual Support Cooperative Engagement Point and Shoot Non-Lethal Effects Air and Missile Defense Assured Mobility Survivability CBRN Transportability Sustainability/Reliability Sustainment Distribution Maneuver Sustainment Medical Joint Interoperability Information Assurance Situational Awareness Common Operating Picture Battle Command on the Move Information Fusion A2C2 Combat Identification Communications/Info System Distributive Information Database Sensor Fusion Surveillance and Recon Layered Sensors UAV Echelons Air Assault Unmanned Ground Vehicles Air/Ground Integration Manned/Unmanned Teaming Integrated Concepts

16. Battlespace by Echelon Area of Influence: A geographical area in which a commander can directly influence operations by maneuver or fire support system normally under the commander’s command or control. Areas of influence surround and include the associated AO. Area of InfluenceApproximate Area of Interest Plt 8 km r 16 km r Co 16 km r 30 km r Bn 30 km r 75 km r Bde 75 km r 150 km r

17. Deployment ENROUTE REHEARSAL AND MISSION PLANNING Alert CBT Marshall Move to POE Air Movement Ports of Embarkation Sea Movement Entry Operations Decisive Operations Sustain Theater CONUS AO SEALIFT CINC Time PREPO TSC Ports of Debarkation BE DECISIVE EARLIER X • Minimal prep time required from alert to deploy • More deployable with reduced tonnage • Insert into austere theater through multiple unimproved entry points without relying on fixed ports and staging bases • UA deploys anywhere in the world in 96 hours after liftoff, a warfighting division on the ground in 120 hours, and five divisions in theater in 30 days • Deploy by air, ground or sea in support of early and forcible entry operations • Immediately employ using vertical and horizontal maneuver without undergoing reception and staging • Self-sustain operations for 3 to 7 days upon arrival. UA sustained by UE2 Support Force

18. Joint Interoperability BCT EECP UA UA ISR Aircraft OBJ GOLD SPOD MARFOR XX Coalition Forces XX ARFOR (UE) ARFOR (UE) APOD Integrated Network JTF HQ APOD

19. C4ISR Enablers ACS ACS CIA UE DCGS-A CI HUMINT Robotics Robotics Robotics JSTARS U2R RJ UA Home Sta. Support Node • SIGINT • IMINT • MASINT • HUMINT • Counterintelligence Theater/National Knowledge Centers UE (XX/XXX) UA (X) UA (X) CA Bn CA Bn UA Co UA Co UA Co UA Co Robotics • Enables • Rapid, Leader-Centric Tactical Decisions ▪ Real-Time Common Operating Picture • Independent, Combined Arms Maneuver ▪ Actionable Information at Lowest Level

20. Layered Sensors ACS Class IV Class III UAV U2R COP via the DIDb Comanche Class II UAV Class I UAV UGS ARV

21. UAV Capability Chart

22. Battle Command on the Move CBT CBT CBT CBT Class IV UAV • Battle Command with actionable information • Unprecedented opportunity to understand enemy and environment • Collaborative planning and virtual rehearsals on the move 3 3-5 km BCOTM Class II UAV BCOTM 3 4-6 km 2 Class II UAV 2 Sensor to shooter

23. Networked Fires 1. Comanche identifies enemy systems; transmits sensor data through networked fires application Class III UAV confirms BDA: TARGETS DESTROYED FIRE MISSIONACCEPTED 2. Network determines shooter and transmits firing data to NLOS systems; establishes sensor to shooter link FIRE MISSIONACCEPTED 3. Common Operational picture instantaneously disseminates enemy location to all Blue systems.

24. Survivability • Protect the individual soldier from ballistic, flame, thermal, Chemical/Biological, and electromagnetic effects • Active and Passive ballistic protection systems • Long-range acquisition with assured first round kill • Highly responsive suppression and obscuration fires • Signature management degrades detection and targeting • Superior dash speed from cover to cover • ‘Avenge’ kill capability • Embedded standoff sensor/detector for CBRN hazards • Counter-reconnaissance effort to blind enemy ISR • Hardened from Directed Energy weapons • Employ multi-purpose robots to perform manpower intensive and high-risk functions • Standoff means to detect and neutralize mines, demolitions and booby traps

25. Non-Lethal Effects Non-lethal effects minimize mass physical destruction of people, materiel, infrastructure, and the environment, thus effectively enhancing friendly maneuver operations. Non-Lethal effects are delivered by LOS, BLOS, and NLOS; manned/unmanned systems. The use of non-lethal capabilities provides leaders a means to influence the actions of enemies and civilians/other non-combatants when minimizing collateral damage and undesired casualties. Incapacitate, suppress, disperse or engage personnel, places Deny vehicles and personnel access to, use of, or movement through a particular area/point Alter terrain/environmental conditions to favor “blue” Influence actions of others Separate combatants and non-combatants

26. Bottom Line • FCS is the Army’s future full spectrum force • Not just a “more better” tank • New doctrine and tactics enabled by technology • Revolutionary increases in application of information • Combat units will: • conduct simultaneous distributed operations • develop situation out of contact • maneuver to positions of advantage • engage enemy beyond range of their weapon • destroy him with precision fires • at the times and place of our choosing

27. Questions? MAJ Rob Barnhill Unit of Action Battle Lab Fort Knox, KY 40121 (502) 624-1733 Robert.Barnhill@knox.army.mil RAH-66 Comanche