Interactions : Mongols, Turks, Arabs

1. Interactions : Mongols, Turks, Arabs Gordon Lam Marlene Dela Cruz Taylor Castro Kate Koppenheffer Timothy Choi

2. Golden Age of the Mongols • Genghis Khan- famous leader who expanded and united Mongol rule, known as Temujin before changing name after conquests. • Safe trade spanned across all of Eurasia. Military force was used to insure safety • Marco Polo-Venetian traveler who recorded the wealth and power of Mongol rule. • Largest empire since Alexander the Great

3. Fall of the Mongols • Inner turmoil - rivalry between Mongol rulers • GhazanKhan- converted to Islam to improve relations with other powers • Paper money (from China) was introduces, which increased inflation, the value of money decreased • Turkish tribes began to posed threats • The Mongols were poor administrators of rule and did not have a centralized government

4. Mongol Trade Routes

5. Mongol Trade Routes

6. Arabs Interactions • Traded using horses and camels ; Economy boosted by trade in the Mediterranean Basin and the Sub Saharan trade routes. • Religion : Islam • Trade help spread Arab culture and religion ; most merchants were Muslim thus spreading the religion. • Two empires : Umayyad and Abbasid ; Umayyad expanded and conquered  • Abu al-Bas help Abbasids become more cosmopolitan and control his empire. • Over time conquered by the Mongols, Tamerlane, and the Turks

7. Muslim Trade

8. Seljuk Turks • Served in Abbasid armies; overshadowed Abbasid caliphs in Anatolia through migration ; Defeated by Byzantine • Turks had great social and cultural influences in India in Anatolia • Pressed Buddhism, Hinduism, and most of them converted to Islam; Established secure presence in northern India.  • In 1253, the Mongols conquered the Seljuk Turks weakening them and making them vulnerable to the Ottoman Turks who conquered them in 1300

9. Seljuk Turks & The Crusades • Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches (the Great Schism) took place in 1054. • The Seljuk Turks, approached from the east. The Byzantines met them at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 and suffered a crushing defeat. • The Crusades to the Holy Land began in 1096 because the pilgrims found the Seljuks more dangerous than anyone and feared they would conquer their land.

10. Seljuk Turks Empire

11. Ottoman Turks • In1300, weakened Byzantine Empire. • A man named Osman, who became sultan, he had a vision of conquering Anatolia. • Government : the Millet System, which religious and ethnic minorities were allowed to manage their own affairs with independence from central control. Osman

12. Ottoman Turks • After Osman the first died, his son took over and conquered most of the Byzantine Empire  • After capturing sultanBayezid, chaos was all over the Turkish empire and broke out into a civil war • However Mehmed emerged as sultan, restored Ottoman empire and ended Interregnum, which is a period when the Ottoman Empire was in chaos. Osman ii

13. Connections (War/Trade) • Pax Mongolia- a time frame where the Mongols expanded and united their empire and trade routes • Trade on the Silk Road, Indian Oceanic, and Sub- Saharan trade routes were made safer by the Mongols which allowed products and religions like Islamto be spread easily. • Horses and camels(caravans) were used as transportation in trade. • All obtained large quantities of land by conquest

14. Connections (Religions) • Islam was spread through conquest and trade • Many merchant were Islam and as they traded, they introduced many regions to Islam • As the Arabs and Turks conquering neighboring nations, they also spread Islam • Both the Arabs, Turks, and Mongols were tolerant of other religions • They let conquered lands continue to worship their own religion • Muslims followed the 5 pillars of Islam and Sharia which influenced their lifestyles