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Arab-Israeli Conflict. Can there be peace in the Middle East? . Where is Israel?. Where is Palestine? . Arab-Israeli History. Zionism-1890s.
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Arab-Israeli Conflict Can there be peace in the Middle East?
Zionism-1890s Its general definition means the national movement for the return of the Jewish people to their homeland and the resumption of Jewish sovereignty in the Land of Israel.
Balfour Declaration-1917 Great Britain Promises to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine: a British Colony.
Holocaust/World War 2 – 1934-1945 6 of 9 million European Jews are murdered by Hitler’s Nazi Germany
UN Partition Plan - 1947 British Leaving Palestine to UN Control. UN creates plan for Jewish and Arab States amidst terrorism from both sides. Palestinians reject partition.
1948-War • Israel, with backing from U.S. and European countries wins the war. Arabs reject UN partition plan and go to war with Israel. Egypt, Syria, Transjordan, Iraq, and Lebanon attack Jewish State
Israel conquered 78% of Palestine Created nearly 1 million Palestinian refugees Over 400 towns and villages were destroyed Every city, river, and hill received a new Hebrew name Denied the existence of Palestine
1956 – Israel invades Sinai/Suez Crisis • Egypt Nationalizes Suez Canal • Israel, backed by English and French forces take back the canal. • Agreement is reached, Israel gains Gaza strip.
1964-PLO Created • Political/Terrorist party with stated goal of creating an independent Palestinian state. • Yassir Arafat Leader (seen as terrorist and hero, may have been poisoned)
1967: Six Day War Israel conquered more land by launching a highly successful attack Occupied additional 22% of Palestine – The West Bank and the Gaza Strip
Recognizing the Two Sides The Palestinian Side: • Fear of Dispossession / 20th Century Jewish Immigration • Refugees of 1948 • The 57-year Occupation • Spiritual connection to the Holy Land
Recognizing the Two Sides The Jewish Side: • History of Jewish Persecution • Holocaust • Israel as Jewish ‘Safe Haven’ • Spiritual connection to the Holy Land
The Composition of the Holy Land Source: 2003 CIA World Fact Book - Palestine data consists of the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
1973 – Yom Kippur War • Egypt and Syria attack Israel on Yom Kippur • Egypt and Syria initially successful. • Israel wins, keeps no new territory
1978-79-Camp David Accords and Peace Treaty • Egypt Becomes first Arab nation to recognize Israel. • Israel gives back the Sinai peninsula • Anwar Sadat(Egypt) and Menachem Begin(Israel) • Anwar Sadat assassinated by his own soldiers.
Northern Security Zone - 1982 Palestine attacks Israeli citizens in the north, create this safety zone to protect from attacks from Lebanon
First Intifada • Palestinian uprising against Israeli forces • 1987 – 1993 • Rocks vs. Tanks
Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin • 1995 - Rabin assassinated by Jewish fundamentalist: Yigal Amir
2nd Intifada • The Second Intifada, also known as the Al-Aqsa Intifadawas the second Palestinian uprising against the Israeli occupation – a period of intensified Palestinian–Israeli violence. • It started in September 2000, when Ariel Sharon made a provoking visit to the Temple Mount and Palestinian demonstrations were cracked down by the Israeli army with brutal force, using lethal ammunition.
Gaza - 2005 • Israel starts to leave the Gaza strip; costs $2.5 billion
Arabs/Palestinians • Nomadic Peoples living in British Mandate of Palestine prior to the establishment of the state of Israel. • Ethnically Arab: can be Muslim, Christian, or Jewish • Mostly Muslim
Israelis • Citizens of the State of Israel: May be Christian, Jewish, or Muslim • May be European or Arab
Holy Land • Area around Jerusalem/Ancient land of Canaan • Sacred to Muslims, Christians, and Jews.
The Composition of the Holy Land Source: 2003 CIA World Fact Book - Palestine data consists of the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
Homeland • Any area that an ethnicity or nationality lays claim to. • Both Jews and Arabs claim Israel/Palestine as their natural homeland.
West Bank • Portion of Palestine occupied during the Six-Day War - Today
The Israeli Barrier on the Ground Archbishop Pietro Sambi, of Jerusalem said the wall, “cuts in half monasteries, convents, churches and cemeteries.” The pictures above are of the wall in Bethlehem
Gaza Strip • Portion of Palestine Taken over by Israel during Six-Day war in 1967 and occupied with periods of self-rule until today. • War fought between Israel and Gaza last November.
Occupation • Palestinian lands occupied by Israelafter the Six-Day war. • West Bank, Gaza Strip, and Golan Heights are occupied territories.
Partition • A division of lands between peoples. • To the left is UN Partition Plan for Israel and Palestine
Refugee • Any person forced from homeland because of natural, economic, or war issues. • Refugees plan to return home • 700,000 Palestinian refugees after 1948 war
Checkpoints • Tollbooth-like structures where Palestinians are detained while traveling through the occupied territories. • Checkpoints make travel hard on Palestinians.
Checkpoints in the West Bank • Sometimes it takes Palestinians 4 hours to make a journey an Israeli citizen can make in 30 minutes.
Settlements • Israeli Communities in the Occupied territories. • One of the most controversial aspects of Arab-Israeli conflict • U.S. doesn’t want Israel building more settlement in the occupied territories • Israel is continuing to build new settlements. • Confiscating more Palestinian land in the Process
Intifada • Palestinian uprising against Israeli rule. • 1st Intifada 1987 – 1993 • Organized by PLO • Ended by Oslo Accords • Palestinian Rocks • Israeli Uzis/Tanks
Arab-Israeli Conflict Continued • 9/11 – Many see the attack on the World Trade Center as retaliation for U.S. support of Israel. • Arab Spring • Iranian Embargo • Terrorism • Continued unrest in Lebanon • Strain on U.S. – Israeli Relations • Israel forced to play as part of Europe in World Cup qualifying.
