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MUSCULAR SYSTEM

MUSCULAR SYSTEM. 600 muscles in human body Bundles of tiny contractile muscle fibers Held together by connective tissue Fibers initiate movement when stimulated by nerve endings Recreate Figure 9-5 page 249. MUSCULAR STRUCTURES. Sarcoplasm >Myofibril >Endomysium = fiber bundle

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MUSCULAR SYSTEM

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  1. MUSCULARSYSTEM • 600 muscles in human body • Bundles of tiny contractile muscle fibers • Held together by connective tissue • Fibers initiate movement when stimulated by nerve endings • Recreate Figure 9-5 page 249

  2. MUSCULAR STRUCTURES • Sarcoplasm >Myofibril >Endomysium = fiber bundle • Bundle > Perimysium > Epimysium

  3. MUSCULAR MOVEMENT • Rotation • Adduction • Abduction • Extension • Flexion • Plantar and palmar • Dorsiflexion • Eversion • Inversion

  4. Muscle Spasm Involuntary Contraction due to injury Muscle strain 3 grades Myositis ossificans Calcium build up Tendonitis Overuse Muscle Soreness AOMS vs. DOMS Muscle Stiffness Fluid collections Muscle Cramps Involuntary contraction Due to fatigue or heat Muscle Guarding Not allowing movement INJURIES

  5. JOINTS • Made up of bones connected by • Ligaments (collagen elastic fibers) • Synovial Fluid (lubrication for friction) • Cartilage (shock absorption & motion control) Hyaline-Respiratory system & end of bones Fibrous-Vertebral discs, symphsis pubis, menisci Elastic-External ear & Eustachian tube

  6. JOINTS • Three categories • Fibrous/Synarthrotic • Immovable joints bones of cranium • Cartilaginous/Amphiarthrotic • Slightly moveable vertebra of spine 3. Synovial/Diarthrotic • Freely moveable elbow, knee, fingers

  7. Ball & Socket shoulder Pivot wrist Hinge elbow Saddle thumb Condyloid metacarpals Gliding vertebrae JOINT CHART 1)List the major joints of the body (shoulder, hip, wrist, spine, ankle etc) 2) Use Text page 332 3) Identify TYPE of JOINT 4) Describe the MOVEMENT of the joint. TYPES OF JOINTS

  8. INJURIES • Ligament or capsular sprains • Dislocations and subluxations • Synovitis and bursitis

  9. SKELETAL SYSTEM • 206 bones • Provide support for muscles, fat, and soft tissues • Protect internal organs • Provides attachment for muscles • Produce blood cells (hematopoiesis) • Store majority of the body’s calcium supply • Provide leverage for lifting and movement

  10. Skeletal Trauma Anatomical Characteristics Dense connective tissue matrix Outer compact tissue Inner porous cancellous bone

  11. BONEGROWTH • Ossification work of osteoblasts & osteoclasts • Involves growth of diaphysis and the epiphyseal growth plates towards one another • As cartilage matures, immature osteoblasts replace to ultimately form solid bone • Bone diameter increases via the activity of osteoblasts adding to the exterior • Balance between -blasts & -clasts at full size

  12. BONE DEFORMITY • Deforming forces, premature injury, growth plate dislocation can alter growth patterns and/or result in deformity of bone • Changes in activity and hormonal levels can alter balance • Bone loss begins to exceed external bone growth overtime • As thickness decreases, bones are less resistant to forces --osteoporosis • Bone’s functional adaptation to stresses follows Wolff’s Law --every change in form and function or in its function alone is followed by changes in architectural design

  13. FRACTURE • Pain at the site of an injury • Deformity • Open (compound) vs. Closed(with in the skin) • Edema at the injury site • Swelling • Ecchymosis • Bruising

  14. FRACTURE SYMPTOMS • Grating or crepitation • Crackling sound when bone is moved • Immobility • Numbness or tingling • Pale or cold skin due to impaired circulation

  15. Depressed Greenstick Impacted Longitudinal Serrated Contrecoup Blowout Avulsion Oblique Butterfly (Oblique-transverse) Spiral Transverse Comminuted Metaphyseal Compression FRACTURES

  16. CHRONIC JOINT INJURIES • Osteochondrosis • Osteoarthritis • Bursistis

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