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The preterite tense

The preterite tense. The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete . It may describe something which happened as a single event - E.g Comí una manzana – I ate an apple

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The preterite tense

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  1. The preterite tense • The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. • It may describe something which happened as a single event - • E.g Comí una manzana – I ate an apple • Compare this to the imperfect tense, comía una manzana – I was eating an apple. • It can also describe an action which happened more than once, but in a specific period of time or for a specific amount of times – • E.g. Vivimos por dos años en Londres - We lived in London for two years. • E.g . Ayer comiste dos manzanas – Yesterday you ate two apples. • It can be used when you are describing a chain of actions – • E.g. Comío una manzana, habló con su padre, y fue a la iglesia – He ate an apple, spoke to his father, and went to church. • It can be used to describe the specific beginning or the end of an action – • Terminó el examen – He finished the exam.

  2. the preterite tense – regular verbs, also Ir & Ser • For the regular verbs, just chop off the ir/ar/er of the infinite and add the ending above. • The irregular verbs ir and ser are exactly the same in the preterite! They are used often • so it pays to learn them off by heart. • Did you notice that the nosotros forms of regular verbs in the preterite stay the same as the • present tense?

  3. Preterite refresher • Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the preterite: • La primera guerra mundial ………… (terminar) en 1918. • Yo ……………….. (ir) a la tienda para comprar una revista. • Tú me ………………. (escribir) una carta bonita. • Ellos ……………. (hablar) por cinco minutos. • ¿A que hora tú ……….. (comer)? Vocab La primera guerra mundial – the First World War

  4. Translate the following sentences: • I changed (cambiar) • You (tú) helped (ayudar) • She decided (decidir) • He distributed (repartir) • They drank (beber) • They sold (vender) • We bought (comprar) • I must (deber) • You (tú) fulfilled (cumplir) • The girls lived (vivir) Write 3 sentences using the preterite tense

  5. The imperfect tense

  6. Look at the following 3 sentences. We ate at two every day The hotel was very big I used to live with my grandparents What do they have in common? Is this done in the same way in each sentence? All 3 of these English tenses can be translated by just 1 tense in Spanish. It is called… The imperfect tense

  7. The imperfect tense is used in Spanish to describe: • Repeated actions in the past: • Comíamos a las dos todos los días. • (we ateat two every day.) • Backgrounds details (what someone or something was like or was doing): • El hotel eramuy grande. • ( The hotel was very big.) • What people used to do and what things used to be like: • Antes vivía con mis abuelos, pero ahora vivo sola. • ( I used to live with my grandparents, but I live on my own now.)

  8. Each of the following sentences contains an example of the imperfect tense. Hablaba español y francés. El hotel tenía una piscina climatizada. Mis abuelos vivían en Madrid. What is the first thing you notice about this tense? Look at the highlighted words in each sentence. As a reminder to you, here is the imperfect Tense of –ar/-er/-ir

  9. The endings

  10. The irregular verbs

  11. The imperfect tense of haber and hay (there is) is había (there was/were). Había is very useful for describing what things used to be like. Había mucha gente en la tienda. ( There were a lot of people in the shop.)

  12. Why is it important? To tell a story in the past successfully you need to be able to use the imperfect for descriptions and repeated actions. For your CXC it is important because talking about past events is one of the things that help you achieve a Grade 2 and above. If you can combine the imperfect with the preterite tense correctly, you stand a better chance of achieving high grades. Things to watch out for You use the preterite for single events in the past and theimperfect tense for repeated or continuous actions in the past.

  13. PRETERITE VS. IMPERFECT When to use these past tenses

  14. When to Use the Preterite • When an action was completed • When an action was completed at a specific time • When an action was completed a specific number of times • When an action began or ended • When an action interrupts another action

  15. Ayer Anteayer Anoche Desde el primer momento Entonces Esta mañana El año pasado Hace dos días Hace cuatro años Esta tarde La semana pasada El mes pasado Phrases that indicate use of the preterite

  16. When to use the Imperfect • To state in general when an action took place • To describe background information • To express weather • To tell time • To tell age • To describe physical and mental states and conditions, including feelings • To express habitual actions • To express what used to happen • To express what was/were…ing

  17. A menudo A veces Cada día Cada semana Cada mes Cada año Nunca En aquella época Frecuentemente Generalmente Muchas veces Mucho De vez en cuando Con frecuencia Phrases that indicate use of the Imperfect

  18. ¡OJO! • Some verbs change meaning depending on whether they are in the preterite or in the imperfect…

  19. Examples of the preterite tense Paco trabajó al supermercado hace dos años. Paco worked at the supermarket 2 years ago. Yo leí el periódico ayer por la tarde. I read the newspaper yesterday afternoon. Comimos una torta a la fiesta el viernes pasado. We ate a cake at the party last Friday.

  20. Examples of the imperfect tense Hacía mal tiempo. It was bad weather. Yo tenía miedo de la tormenta. I was afraid of the storm. Mi abuelo tenía 84 años. My grandfather was 84 years old. Mi padre era un chico malo. My father was a bad boy.

  21. Examples of the preterite vs. the imperfect tenses Beto estudió anoche. Beto studied last night. Beto estudiaba todas las noches. Beto used to study every night. Beto estudiaba cuando se durmió. Beto was studying when he fell asleep.

  22. Preterite or imperfect? P We went to Australia last year A year ago he visited the castle Yesterday the journey was boring The hotel was on the coast The staff were very friendly I bought a T-shirt You could do lots of sports P P I I P I

  23. Pretérito e imperfecto Pon los verbos en la columna correcta: fui compró saliste estaba había tenía hablábamos comimos

  24. Which is correct?: • La ciudad era / fue muy turística y bonita. • Ayer salía / salí con mis amigos • El examen de la semana pasada era/ fue muy difícil. • El domingo pasado íbamos / fuimos a una fiesta • Los domingos íbamos / fuimos a una fiesta • El cine estaba / estuvo cerca de nuestro hotel • Antes había / hubo menos estudiantes en la escuela • Cuando tenía / tuve 10 años vivía / viví en Granada

  25. Era una noche muy bonita. Hacía calor y estábamos todos en la playa. The imperfect sets the stage and describes the background of past actions

  26. We use the imperfect to describe repeated actions in the past. Cuando era pequeña iba a la escuela todos los días, y también hablaba por teléfono con mis abuelos. The imperfect is used to describe habitual or repeated actions in the past.

  27. Mientras veía los toros (while I was watching the Bulls) comía un bocadillo. The imperfect is used to describe two simultaneous actions in the past.

  28. ¿Preterite or imperfect? • El hotel …………. grande y muy acogedor • La habitación (room)…………. sucia y ……… mucho ruido. • Por la mañana ………… a la playa. • Todas las mañanas ……….. a la playa. • ……… en avión. El viaje………….. 8 horas y ……….muy aburrido. • Durante mis vacaciones ………….. lugares de interés. visité duró iba fui era habia fue fui estaba

  29. 1. Yo (bailar). • 2. Ella (comer). • 3. Yo (tener). • 4. Ellos (ser). • 5. Nosotros (vivir) • 6. Tu y yo (ver). • 7. Maria y Juan ( ir). • 8. Yo ( viajar). • 9. Mi familia (aprender). • 10. Los chicos (vender). Now change the following from the present tense to the imperfect: • Yo preparo. • Yo tengo. • Julia vive. • El perro es grande. • Yo voy. • Ella cierra la puerta. • Me despierto. • Nosotros trabajamos. • 1. yo bailaba. • 2. ella comía. • 3. yo tenía • 4. ellos eran. • 5. nosotros vivíamos • 6. tú y yo veíamos. • 7. Maria y Juan iban. • Yo viajaba. • 9. mi familia aprendía. • 10. los chicos vendían. • Yo preparaba. • Yo tenía. • Julia vivía. • El perro era grande. • Yo iba. • Ella cerraba la puerta. • Me despertaba • Nosotros trabajábamos.

  30. Traduzca • 1. I was eating an apple. • 2. I was studying Spanish. • 3. Julia used to go to the mall. • 4. We were dancing in the kitchen. • 5. They used to live in Spain. • 6. My friends were singing in the restaurant. • 7. They used to go to the bowling alley. • 8. The museum was quite big. • 9. It was hot and sunny. • Extension: With the following verbs, make up your own sentences in the imperfect. Viajar, trabajar, visitar, ser, ver, estar, enfocar en (to focus on), llevar, escribir, dibujar • 1. Comía una manzana. • 2. Estudiaba el español. • 3. Julia iba al centro comercial. • 4. Bailábamos en la cocina. • 5. Vivían en España. • 6. Mis amigos cantaban en el restaurante. • 7. Iban a la bolera. • 8. El museo era bastante grande. • 9. Hacía calor y sol.

  31. Ayer por la tarde, cuando yo fui /iba a mi casa en mi coche, vi/veíaa un amigo en la calle. Llovía/llovió y él no llevaba/llevó paraguas. Entonces, yo bajé/bajabala ventanilla y yo preguntaba/preguntéa mi amigo si quería/quisoacompañarme. Él dio/daba las gracias y subió/subía al coche. Él estaba/estuvo muy mojado desafortunadamente. Cuando yo llegué/llegabaa su casa, su esposa me invitó/invitabaa cenar con ellos. Dije/decíaque no y volví/volvía a casa. Estaba/estuvemuy cansada.

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