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PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Present Perfect Tense 1 (I have done). Vreme Present Perfect Simple gradi se uz pomocni glagol have/has i proli particip glavnog glagola. Past participle - kod pravilnih glagola na ed (worked/decided/started), a kod nepravilnih poseban oblik (gone/done/written). Forma pravilni glagoli (arrive

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PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

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    1. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

    2. Present Perfect Tense 1 (I have done) Vreme Present Perfect Simple gradi se uz pomocni glagol have/has i prošli particip glavnog glagola. Past participle - kod pravilnih glagola na –ed (worked/decided/started), a kod nepravilnih poseban oblik (gone/done/written)

    3. Forma – pravilni glagoli (arrive – arrived)

    4. U govornom jeziku have se skracuje na ‘ve, a has na ‘s: Where’s your key? –I don’t know. I’ve lost it. (Gde ti je kljuc? –Ne znam. Izgubila sam ga.) Is Sally here? –No, she’s gone out. (Da li je Sali tu? –Ne, izašla je.)

    5. Forma – nepravilni glagoli (go-went-gone)

    6. Upotreba Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it. He has lost his key. He has lost his key = He lost it recently, and he doesn’t have it now. (Tom traži svoj kljuc. Ne može da ga nade. Izgubio ga je. = to znaci da ga nema sada.) Present Perfect Simple je vreme koje ima više upotreba, a odnosi se i na prošlost i na sadašnjost. Zbog toga se u srpskom nekad prevodi sadašnjim, a nekad prošlim vremenom.

    7. Upotreba 1. Za radnju koja se desila u prošlosti ali rezultat postoji u sadašnjosti: He told me his name, but I’ve forgotten it. (=I don’t remember it now) Maria’s English wasn’t very good, but it has improved. (=it is better now) It was warm this morning, but the temperature has dropped. (=it is colder now).

    8. 2. za radnju koja se desila nedavno, u bliskoj prošlosti ili neposredno pre trenutka govora: Oh! I’ve cut my finger! The road is closed. There’s been an accident. Police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery.

    9. 3. Uz P.P.Simple koristimo priloge za vreme just, already, yet: Just = upravo, pre kratkog vremena. Are you hungry? –No, I’ve just had lunch. (Jesi li gladna? –Ne, upravo sam rucala). Already = vec Don’t forget to send the letter. –I’ve already sent it. (Ne zaboravi da pošalješ pismo. –Vec sam ga poslao) Yet = još (samo u upitnim i odricnim recenicama) I’ve written the letter, but I haven’t sent it yet. (Napisala sam pismo, ali ga još nisam poslala) Has it stopped raining yet?

    10. 4. kada govorimo o radnji koja je pocela u prošlosti i još uvek traje u sadašnjosti: Have you travelled a lot, Jane? –Yes, I’ve been to lots of places. (Da li si mnogo putovala?) Have you ever been to China? –Yes, I’ve been to China twice. (Da li si ikad bila u Kini?) Obicno se koristi s izrazima ever/never: Have you ever eaten caviar? (=in your life) (Da li ste nekad jeli kavijar?) I’ve never driven a motorbike. (Nikad nisam vozila motor.) That film was the most boring I’ve ever seen. (To je najdosadniji film koji sam ikad gledala)

    11. 5. S izrazima recently / in the last few days / so far / for a long time – period koji traje i u sadašnjosti: Have you heard from Brian recently? (Da li ti se javljao Brajan u poslednje vreme?) I’ve met a lot of people in the last few days. (Upoznala sam dosta ljudi poslednjih dana) Everything is going well. We haven’t had any problems so far. (Sve ide dobro. Do sada nismo imali nikakvih problema) We haven’t seen each other for a long time. (Dugo se nismo videli)

    12. 6. today / this evening / this year ako period koji se pominje još uvek nije završen. I’ve drunk four cups of coffee today. (Danas sam popila vec cetiri kafe) Have you had a holiday this year? (Da li si ove godine vec išla na odmor) Rob hasn’t studied very hard this term. (Rob baš ne uci ovog semestra)

    13. Present Perfect Simple and Past Simple (I have done and I did) Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it. He has lost his key. (present perfect) Rezultat u sadašnosti - nema kljuc. Tom has found his key. He has it now. He lost his key (past simple) but now he has found it. (present perfect) Bio ga je izgubio (past simple), ali sada ga je našao (rezultat u sadašnjosti –ima kljuc)

    14. Iako lici na prošlo, a i prevodi se prošlim vremenom, P.P. Simple je zapravo sadašnje vreme. Ono povezuje prošlost i sadašnjost, tj. govori o prošloj radnji i o rezultatu te radnje u sadašnjosti. (something has happened) Past Simple (something happened) govori samo o prošlosti. Ako kažemo Tom lost his key, iz toga ne znamo da li sada ima kljuc ili ne. To nam samo govori o jednoj radnji koja je završena u prošlosti.

    15. Present Perfect Simple koristimo za nove ili skorije dogadaje: I’ve repaired the TV. It’s working OK now. (Popravio sam televizor. Sada dobro radi) Have you heard the news? Sally has won the lottery! (Jesi li cuo novost? Sali je dobila na lutriji!) Past Simple koristimo za dalju prošlost. Mozart was a composer. He wrote more than 600 pieces of music. (Mocart je bio kompozitor. Napisao je više od 600 kompozicija) Her mother grew up in Scotland. (Njena majka je odrasla u Škotskoj)

    16. P.P.Simple se ne koristi za završene dogadaje (yesterday / 10 minutes ago / in 1999 / when I was a child), vec Past Simple: It was very cold yesterday. Paul and Lucy arrived 10 minutes ago. Did you eat a lot of sweets when you were a child? Takode, uz pitanja when / what time: When did you arrive? What time did you finish work?

    17. Poredenje P.P.Simple i Past Simple Present perfect simple Past simple Tom has lost his key. He can’t get into the house. (Tom je izgubio kljuc. Ne može da ude u kucu) P.P.Simple koristimo za radnju zapocetu u prošlosti koja traje i u sadašnjosti. Taj vremenski period nije završen. I’ve done a lot of work today. Tom lost his key yesterday. He couldn’t get into the house. (Tom je juce izgubio kljuc. Nije mogao da ude u kucu) Past Simple koristimo za završenu radnju u prošlosti. Taj vremenski period je završen. I did a lot of work yesterday.

    18. Present perfect simple Past simple It hasn’t rained this week. Have you seen Alice this morning? (još je jutro) We’ve been waiting for an hour (i još cekamo) Ian lives in London. He has lived there for seven years. I have never played golf. (in my life) It didn’t rain last week. Did you see Alice this morning? (popodne je ili vece) We waited for an hour (ali više ne cekamo) Ian lived in Scotland for ten years. Now he lives in London. I didn’t play golf last summer.

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