1 / 83

The Russian Revolution: Revolts, Rulers, and Reform

Explore the Russian Revolution of 1900-1939, including the political structure, the Romanov royal family, and the challenges of industrialization. Discuss the impact of Czar Nicholas II and the reasons for his unpopularity with the Russian people.

manson
Download Presentation

The Russian Revolution: Revolts, Rulers, and Reform

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chapter 30: Revolution & Nationalism – Russian Revolution 1900-1939

  2. Section 1: Revolutions in russia

  3. Discussion Questions • 1. TheRussian Revolution- what comes to mind when you hear this phrase? • Turn to your friend(s) and make a list • 2. What comes to mind when you hear the name Anastasia? • -Turn to your friend and make a list

  4. Russia by the 1800’s … • 1. Multi-Ethnic & Diverse • 2. Multi- Cultural • 100 different languages spoken • Various faiths

  5. Political Structure in Pre- Revolutionary Russia • Type of Government: • “AUTOCRACY”-government in which 1 person rules with unlimited authority • Ruler: CZAR- means “emperor” or “monarch” derived from “Caesar”

  6. The Winter Palace – Built by Peter the Great • Official residence of monarchs 1732- 1917

  7. Russian Serfs • Serf– a Russian peasant legally bound to reside and work on “lord’s” land • “Un-free” status • Bound peasants to rural areas and to their land lord

  8. Czar Alexander I ( Ruled 1801-1825) • Napoleon invaded Russia in the winter • Russian Soldiers were influenced by Western ideas during Napoleonic wars • “Secret Societies” emerged: • wanted economic reform, a constitutional government, AND freedom for serfs

  9. Czar Nicholas I (ruled: 1825-1855) • Strengthened the autocracy (his power) by: • 1. Censoring the Press • 2. Establishing a “Secret Police”- allowed to arrest & imprison people without trial • 3. “Autocracy, orthodoxy, and nationality!” -CNI • He was Alexander I’s brother->

  10. Czar Nicholas I (ruled: 1825-1855) • The Decembrist Revolt (1825) – • A group of military officials rebelled • Tried to overthrow him • Felt threatened by his conservative views

  11. Czar Nicholas I "Land of the Tsars" • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXPP1j1yahg • 1:18- • 1. Why was Czar Nicholas I obsessed with strengthening his power?

  12. Czar Alexander II (ruled: 1855-1881) • “The Czar Liberator” • 1. 1861 Granted Freedom to serfs • 2. Limited the authority of secret police • 3. Modernized judicial system

  13. Czar Alexander II • 4. expanded education • 5. re-organized the Russian army • 6. Reduced military service from 25 yrs to 6 yrs • 7. Promoted industrialization

  14. Alexander II’s Problems… • 95% of population were peasants, most serfs. • Free serfs received no land • Had no skills • Found themselves homeless and unemployed • Landowners were furious • they lost land & power

  15. Assassination Attempts against Czar Alexander II • Radical Revolutionaries… • 1. Shot at Alex II (bullets missed him 1879) • 2. Bombed Alex’s train (he survived 1879) • 3. Bombed palace 1880 (he survived) • 4. Threw bombs at his carriage • Alex II survived initial threat… but then • Stepped out of his carriage and died in 1881

  16. Czar Alexander II " Land of the Tsars" • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXPP1j1yahg START 8:23 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PFQ7Th_rAs

  17. Czar Alexander III- (Ruled: 1881-1894) Established a rule of fear • 1. “Russification”- persecuted … • those who spoke a language other than Russian • followed a religion other than Eastern Orthodoxy • 2. Established “Pogroms”- organized massacres of minority groups

  18. Czar Nicholas II (ruled: 1894-1917) • Inherited Russia’s long history of social and political problems • Not prepared to rule

  19. The Romanov Royal Family • Wife Empress Alexandra • 4 Daughters and 1 Son • Olga, Tatiana, Maria, & Anastasia • Alexei

  20. Prince Alexis • Suffered from • “Hemophilia” – a Disease which prevents normal clotting of blood • No known treatment • Disease kept secret from public

  21. So the Family Hired a “Healer”… Named RASPUTIN * Self -proclaimed monk & mystic Healer * Empress hired him to “heal” son He was not who he appeared to be!!! Influenced Czar Nicholas II politically

  22. Essential Question • Why was Czar Nicholas II so unpopular with the Russian people?

  23. Russia’s Problems with Industrialization • Between 1863-1900, number of factories doubled • Low wages, child labor, horrific working conditions • Czar Nicholas II was blamed for all t his

  24. 1905- “Bloody Sunday” • Workers’ Peaceful march turned violent • Protested food and fuel shortages, better working conditions • Soldiers opened fire to unarmed crowd • Russian press claimed 100 died • Protestors claimed 1,000 died • Czar Nicholas II was blamed for incident

  25. Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) • Russia and Japan fought over the province of Manchuria • Russian Ships vs. Japanese ships • Japan sanks2/3rds of the Russian fleet • Humiliating defeat for Czar Nicholas II

  26. October Manifesto, 1905 • Czar Nicholas II Promised Reforms • 1. Constitution • 2. Civil Liberties/ Civil Rights and a • 3. Duma or legislature

  27. WWI • 1914, Czar Nicholas II dragged Russia into WWI • 4 million Russian soldiers were killed, wounded, or taken prisoner • Nicholas II left his wife in charge…. • She relied on Rasputin to make decisions

  28. Czar Nicholas II " Land of the Tsars" • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-x4VcmHfxU

  29. Meanwhile…

  30. … Rasputin • Continued to influence Czar Nicholas II and the+ Czarina • Claimed he “cured” son’s hemophilia • People were skeptical of Rasputin …

  31. Rasputin’s Death 1916… • 1916 nobles planned his assassination • They Poisoned him at dinner… • He survived! • They Shot him… • Still alive! • They Beat him with a candlestick! • He was Not dead yet!

  32. Rasputin’s Death… • Rasputin was thrown into an icy river… • He was still breathing.

  33. The Death of Rasputin "Landof the Tsars" • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1W1b6j8U46k • START 5:36

  34. Marxist Revolutionaries • Followed the views of Karl Marx • Believed that the industrial class of workers should overthrow the czar • Proletariat- the workers

  35. Russian Marxist Groups • 1. Mensheviks- moderates; raised support for revolution • 2. Bolsheviks – radicals; would sacrifice everything for change

  36. The “Bolshevik” Rebels • Believed the Working class should lead revolution and seize control • Led by Vladimir IlyichUlyanov “Lenin” • Goal : to create a socialist state with no social classes, no private property

  37. New Political Philosophies • Socialism – belief that the means of production capital, land, raw materials, factories should be owned and controlled by society, not individuals • Communism – a society without class distinctions or private property (equality )

  38. 1917 March Revolution • Food riots/protests in St Petersburg • Czar Nicholas II ordered Duma (legislative body) to dissolve • Czar ordered troops to suppress disorder • Neither obeyed the Czar

  39. March 15, 1917 • Czar Nicholas II abdicated the Throne • Family was Evacuated in August • March 17, 1917 Russia Proclaimed a republic • Provisional government was established

  40. Lenin & the Bolshevik Leaders • Overthrew the provisional government in November , 1917 • “History will not forgive us if we do not seize power now”-Lenin • Lenin Claimed absolute power

  41. Bolsheviks Established • A Socialist State based on ideas of Karl Marx and Lenin • 1. land re-distributed amongst peasants • 2. End of private ownership of property • 3. Workers gained control of property • “equality”

  42. Lenin & the Bolsheviks • Re-named their political party the Communist party in 1918 • 1918-1920 civil war ensued in Russia • Communists “Reds” vs. “Whites” (Royalists) • Fought over political control • What about the Romanovs?

  43. The Romanov Family • Was Imprisoned in Ipatiev House • Forced to give up luxuries • Believed they would be rescued • were they???

  44. July 17, 1918 • 2:33 am • Romanov family • Their Doctor & 3 servants • were shot in a basement • The Assassination was ordered by Lenin

  45. "Land of the Tsars" 20 – The End of the Romanovs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-qxWWRcN-4

  46. Anastasia Romanov -The Myth • Did She Survive? • In 1920 in Berlin Germany • A girl tried to jump off a bridge • was rescued • no I.D., refused to give her identity

  47. “Anna Anderson” • Sent to mental asylum • Claimed to be “Anastasia” • Said she was Rescued by a soldier • And escaped Russia

  48. Anna Anderson = Anastasia? • “She is similar, she is similar” • Relatives were careful to believe her story • Supporters helped her

  49. Anastasia? Or Imposter? • Anna Anderson claimed she was Anastasia until the day she died (1984) • 1977 court ruled not enough evidence to prove identity • Recent DNA testing proved she was not Anastasia

  50. Video: "Anastasia: Her True Story" A&E

More Related