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THE MIDDLE AGES

THE MIDDLE AGES. UNIT 4 – EUROPE IN TRANSITION LECTURE 1. CORE OBJECTIVE : Describe the political structures and systems that changed Europe during the Middle Ages and the Formation of Western Europe Objective 6.1: Describe the impact of Charlemagne’s Empire

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THE MIDDLE AGES

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  1. THE MIDDLE AGES UNIT 4 – EUROPE IN TRANSITION LECTURE 1

  2. CORE OBJECTIVE: Describe the political structures and systems that changed Europe during the Middle Ages and the Formation of Western Europe • Objective 6.1: Describe the impact of Charlemagne’s Empire • Objective 6.2: Summarize the impact of feudalism and the code of chivalry • Objective 6.3: Describe the Christian Church’s structure and influence on Europe • Objective 6.4: Identify the causes and effects of the Crusades • Objective 6.5: Trace the developments that led to the decline of feudalism • Objective 6.6: Describe the impact of the Hundred Years’ War and the Plague • THEME: OBJECTIVES

  3. CHAPTER 13 SECTION 1 CHARLEMAGNE UNITES THE GERMANIC KINGDOMS Many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire are reunited under Charlemagne’s empire.

  4. European Middle Ages,500–1200 Charlemagne unites the Germanic kingdoms, the feudal system emerges, and the Church strongly influences the lives of people in Europe. King Charlemagne, in style of Albrecht Dürer (created about 1600).

  5. European Middle Ages,500–1200 CHAPTER 13 Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms SECTION 1 SECTION 2 Feudalism in Europe The Age of Chivalry SECTION 3 The Power of the Church SECTION 4

  6. Effects of Constant Invasions and Warfare • Germanic invaders overrun western Roman Empire in 400s • Fighting disrupts trade and government; people abandon cities • Marks the beginning of the Middle Ages—period from 500 to 1500 • describes European decline between the fall of Rome in 476 CE and the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century • The Decline of Learning • As cities are abandoned, level of learning declines • Knowledge of Greek language and culture is almost completely lost • Loss of a Common Language • Introduction of German language changes Latin; dialects develop INVASIONS OF WESTERN EUROPE

  7. Years of Upheaval Between 400 and 600 • Germanic kingdoms replace Roman provinces • Continual wars change borders between kingdoms • The Church provides order and security • The Concept of Government Changes • Germans held together by family ties and loyalty, not government • Small communities are governed by unwritten rules and traditions • Germanic warriors pledge loyalty to their chief; live in lord’s hall GERMANIC KINGDOMS EMERGE

  8. Clovis Rules the Franks • Germanic people called Frankshold power in Roman province of Gaul; unites Franks into one kingdom • Clovis, leader of the Franks, converts to Christianity in 496 • Leads warriors against other Germanic armies • Unites Franks into one kingdom with Church’s help by 511 • How the Church Spreads • Frankish rulers convert Germanic peoples to Christianity • Missionaries travel to convert Germanic and Celtic groups THE FRANKS

  9. History Channel Video • http://www.history.com/videos/dark-ages-the-franks---clovis-part-2 The Rule of Clovis

  10. The Christian Church builds monasteries—where monks live to study Christianity Italian monk, Benedict, writes rules that govern monastic life His sister Scholastica adapts rules for nuns living in convents Monks establish schools, preserve learning through libraries THE GROWTH OF THE CHURCH

  11. The Pope • Head of the Catholic Church • Peter (d 67 AD) is considered the first Pope • Pope’s over first 300 years are obscure & persecuted by Rome • They gain influence when Constantine recognizes Christianity and moves the capital away from Rome • First “Pope” is Damasus I in 366 • With the collapse of Roman Empire – popes gain land & authority • Papal Power Expands Under Gregory I • In 590, Gregory I, also called Gregory the Great, becomes pope • Under Gregory, Church becomes secular—a political power • Pope’s palace becomes center of Roman government • Uses Church money to raise armies, care for poor, negotiate treaties • Establishes a Christendom—churchly kingdom fanning out from Rome The pope

  12. Europe’s Kingdoms • The Franks control largest and strongest of Europe’s many kingdoms • By 511, Frankish rule extends over what is now France • Charles Martel Emerges • Most powerful official in kingdom is major domo—mayor of the palace • In 719, major domo Charles Martel becomes more powerful than king • Defeats Muslims from Spain at Tours in 732; becomes a Christian hero • Son, Pepin, begins Carolingian Dynasty — family that ruled 751–987 New powers emerge

  13. From Pepin to Charlemagne • Pepin dies in 768, leaves kingdom to two sons; in 771 one son dies • Pepin’s second son,Charlemagne (Charles the Great), rules kingdom in 771 and reunites western Europe • Charlemagne Extends Frankish Rule • Charlemagne’s armies reunite western Europe, spread Christianity • In 800, Charlemagne travels to Rome to protect Pope Leo III from mobs • Pope crowns Charlemagne emperor; gives him title, “Roman Emperor” • Germanic power, Church, heritage of Roman Empire now joined together Charlemagne becomes king

  14. Charlemagne Leads a Revival • Charlemagne limits nobles’ power by governing through royal agents to check on his landholders (counts) • Encourages learning and orders monasteries to open schools • Charlemagne’s Heirs • Charlemagne dies in 814; his son, Louis the Pious, rules poorly • Louis’s three grandsons fight for control of empire • In 843 they divide empire into three kingdoms; sign Treaty of Verdun Charlemagne’s empire

  15. Charlemagne’s empire

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