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Chapter 18 Interactions of Living Things

Chapter 18 Interactions of Living Things. Pages 530-557 ACTIVE NOTE TAKING Fill in the blanks using textbook!. The Environment. Ecology Study of the __________ among organisms and their ________________ . Ecologists _________________ who study environmental relationships

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Chapter 18 Interactions of Living Things

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  1. Chapter 18Interactions of Living Things Pages 530-557 ACTIVE NOTE TAKING Fill in the blanks using textbook!

  2. The Environment • Ecology • Study of the __________among organisms and their ________________. Ecologists • _________________who study environmental relationships • _______________the environmental factors that influence organisms into ______ groups • ____________ • BIOTIC

  3. Comparing Abiotic and Biotic Factors • Abiotic • _________________parts of the environment Examples: • _____________ • Light & Temperature • _____________ • Soil

  4. Comparing Abiotic and Biotic Factors • Biotic Factors • ___________or _____________ organisms in the environment Examples: • Levels or organization • __________________ • Communities • _____________________ • Biomes • ______________________

  5. Abiotic Factors 5 Factors: • Water • ________________ • ________________ • ________________ • Soil

  6. Abiotic Factors • Water • All organisms need __________to survive • Organisms are made of __________%water • Respiration, photosynthesis, digestion, and other important life process can only occur with presence of ____________ • 95% of Earth’s ___________water is found in oceans

  7. Examples of Water Cumberland River & Lake Cumberland Pacific Ocean-Kauai, Hawaii Dale Hollow Lake Bayou-Gueydan, LA

  8. Abiotic Factors 2. Light • Availability of sun light is a major factor in determining where green plants and other ________________organisms live • Energy from Sun is changed into ____________energy • __________-lives near water surface • Dense forest have very little photosynthetic plants, why?

  9. Plant Examples The Garden of Eden-Kauai North Shore-Kauai Kipu Ranch-Kauai -conifers

  10. Abiotic Factors • Temperature • Regional temperature also determines which plants and animals can live there • Some areas of the world have fairly consistent temperature year round • Other areas have season during which temperatures vary • Arctic, Desert, Mid-Atlantic, Tropical, Arid, and Mild

  11. Temperature Variations Rain Forest-Brazil Mojave Desert-CA Arctic Plain-Antarctica Appalachian Mts-TN Tropical Island-FL Keys Great Plains-Kansas

  12. Abiotic Factors • Air • Composed of a mixture of gases including Nitrogen, _________________, and Carbon Dioxide. • Plants & Animals depend on the gases in air for _________________(breathe) • All species are affected by weather • Weather- 8km to 16 km (from surface) • Ozone Layer-20km to 50km (from surface) Few organisms live at extreme air pressures

  13. Abiotic Factors • Soil • Varies greatly from one environment to another • Soil Type-determined by amount of Sand, Silt, and ___________ it contains • Various soils contains different amounts of nutrients, minerals, and moisture Soil affects every organism in an environment!

  14. Soil Top Soil-rich in nutrients and moisture (plant crops) Red Clay-sub soil-very acidic (use as filler dirt) Bed Rock-mostly limestone/sandstone (paving stone)

  15. Biotic Factors • Abiotic Factors do not provide everything an organism needs for survival • Organisms depend on other organisms for: • Food • __________________ • Protection • __________________

  16. Biotic Factors Biotic Factors Include: • Bacteria • ____________ • Fungi • ____________ • Animals

  17. Levels of Organization • Organism: one __________________from a population Mallard Drake “GreenHead”

  18. Levels of Organization • Population: _________of the individual of one species that live in the same _____________at the same time.

  19. Levels of Organization • Community: the ______________of different species that ______________in some way

  20. Levels of Organization • Ecosystem: all of the ______________in an area and the abiotic factors they interact with

  21. Levels of Organization • Biome: large region with ___________and _____________well adapted to the soil and climate of the region

  22. Levels of Organization 6. Biosphere: The level of biological organization that is made up of all the ecosystems on ________________

  23. Biosphere • Where Earth’s organisms live • Can be found • 11,000 m deep in the ocean • 9,000 m high on the mountains • 4.5 km high in atmosphere Includes top part of Earth’s crust, all the waters that covers the Earth’s surface, the surrounding atmosphere, and all biomes! Extremophiles

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