Monarchs of Europe

1. Monarchs of Europe France, Russia, Central Europe, English

2. Background • As the Church Lost Power, the government gained more. • That power shifted to the Monarchs • Divine Right of Kings: Belief that God Chooses Kings to rule. • “Princes, thus, act as minister of God, and as His lieutenants on earth, it is through them that he acts on His Empire.”

3. France The Monarchs

4. Henry IV • Originally a Huguenot, but converted to Catholicism for his Country. • “Paris is worth a mass!” • Edict of Nantes – A Order that guaranteed freedom of worship and political rights. • Improved the taxation systems so that nobles paid more.

5. Louis VIII • Son of Henry IV, who was murdered in 1610. • 8 years old at the time, so his mother ruled in his place. • Took over in 1617, exiled mother, killed followers • but was sickly and appointed Cardinal Richelieu to rule in his place.

6. Cardinal Richelieu • Richelieu was a political genius. • Wanted to make the King supreme in France and France supreme in Europe. • He took power from the nobles and Huguenots. • Encouraged trade and industry. • Believed power given to the Huguenots by the Edict of Nantes was dangerous. • Wanted to centralize power under the crown.

7. The 30 Years’ War

8. 30 Years’ War • War began in Prague 1618 Started as a Protestant rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire, they wanted to weaken the Holy Roman Empire and its ruling family the Habsburgs. • The War took place mostly in Germany ruining much of the country. • Ended with the signing of Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. • Which gave independence to the Netherlands and Switzerland.

9. LOUIS XIV • Longest reign in French History 72 Years • Strong believer in the Absolute power of the King • He believed in the “divine right of kings” I am the State God had chosen him to rule • Drained the Treasury by building Versailles. • Government lived there, as well as the nobles. • Nicknamed the Sun King because his power reached far and wide like the rays of the sun. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9mIjAq4Fmk

10. Versailles

11. Versailles- the grounds

12. Hall of Mirrors

13. Versailles-the Grand Ceiling

14. Louis XIV • According to this quote, what role did Louis XIV see for his advisers and ministers? • “You will assist me with your counsels when I ask for them. I request and order you to seal no orders except by my command. I order you not to sign anything, not even a passport without my command; to render to me personally each day and to favor no one.”

15. Wars of KING LOUIS XIV • King Louis The XIV believed military power was important. • He increased the size of the military to about 400,000 – The most powerful in Europe. • Fought 4 wars to expand territory to the Natural Borders. ( Atlantic Ocean, the mountains, and the sea) • Struggle for a balance of power. • Led to financial strain.

16. Jean-Baptiste Colbert • Appointed by Louis the XIV to be a financial advisor. • He reformed the tax system so the middle class was not paying the majority of the taxes • Made France a leading economic power • Increased the military • Promoted Colonization in American, Canada, and Africa. • Did away with the Edict of Nantes, which led to 200,000 Huguenots fleeing.

17. War of Spanish Succession • This war was fought over who would become the next king of Spain. • Philip V Lois’s grandson takes over the throne. • The other European nations disliked the idea of both France and Spain being under Bourbon rulers. • Louis finally ended the war by the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht, which is an important document for both Europe and America, it gave land in North America to Great Britain and stated that Spain and France could never be united.

18. The French Empire • They had settlements in Quebec, St. Lawrence Valley, and the Great Lake region. • French explorer Rene-Robert Cavelier de La Salle sailed down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico claiming the inland region of North America for France. He named this area Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV. • Other region consisted of Haiti, West Indian islands parts or Asia and parts of India. After the death of King Louis XIV his successors weakened the power of the king and nobles took back many of the powers and the royal authority was in decline.

19. MONARCHS OF RUSSIA

20. IVAN THE Terrible • First to be named Czar of Russia • Absolute Power • Ruthless Leader • Built St. Basils Cathedral • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56f6V7L9B18&feature=related – part 1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jO3_q_kQnCE – Part 2 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Anx4Lbdt4ic&feature=related –part 3 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djAHK_JGd_I&feature=related –Part 4 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=LSSG_L8ujb0 –Part 5

21. St. Basils Cathedral

22. Peter The Great • Also could be a ruthless leader • Visionary for the future of Russia • Wanted to step away from isolation, and make Russia more like the rest of Europe. • Dressed up as a private citizen to in an attempt to gain European Allies • Biggest goal was to get a warm water port for Russia from the Ottomans

23. Russia under Peter the Great

24. Peter The Great • Failed to gain a warm water port, but through his travels learn a lot about western cultures. • Westernized Russia • Built St. Petersburg and made it the Capital of Russia, became the symbol of a Westernized Russia • Incorporated French Clothing, more rights for women, forced nobles to shave their beards, and even French language. • Modernized the army, Balance of Power

25. Peter The Great • Absolute control, including with the Orthodox Church • Reformed the Government • Service nobility, Noble rank depended on performance in government. • Nobles that were high ranking were given more serfs, thus, increasing serfdom. • Strong Resentment from the citizens.

26. Catherine the Great • Married to Peter III, Peter the Great grandson. • Had the nobles kill her husband so she could be the sole ruler of Russia.

27. Catherine The Great • Supported the Arts, Sciences, Literature and theater. • But these meant nothing to most Russians because they lived in extreme poverty. • Wide gap between rich and poor • Greatness comes from foreign policy • Gained a warm water port with the black sea and the region of Crimea • Overall gained over 200,000 square miles for Russia, including colonizing Alaska

28. Monarchs of England

29. The house of tudor • Beginning in the 1400s, the Tudors became the English Royal Family • Increased the power of England, Balance of Power • Henry VII, the first Tudor Ruler. He stabilized England and made it prosperous. • Henry VIII • Edwards VI, sickly. Only ruled six years.

30. Queen Mary I • The oldest daughter of Queen Henry VIII, • First Reigning Queen of England • Devoted Catholic • Determined to bring England back to Catholicism • Married Phillip II of Spain who helped lead the Counter Reformation in Spain • Nicknamed Bloody Mary

31. MOVIE! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mjc7oxrEBwI • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=2Zh-151kyfw&NR=1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=endscreen&v=C7yc1eTHJb8

32. Elizabeth I • Becomes queen after Mary dies. • Born Protestant, strengthens Protestantism. • Never Married, Called the Virgin Queen • Closet Relative: Mary Queen of Scots, a Catholic. • Killed Mary Queen of Scots for plotting to overthrow

33. Elizabeth I • Defeated the Spanish Armada, a fleet of 130 ships called the invincible Armada. • Spain was no longer a threat, and Elizabeth secured her protestant rule. • Believed that religious disunity was harmful to England, so she punished those who did not follow Anglican Faith • Puritans, Catholics, and other non-Anglican followers had to pay fines. (still better than others) • Freedom of Speech in Parliment

34. James I • Queen Elizabeth Dies, doesn’t have a blood heir • King James of Scotland became King of England • Stuart family, end of the Tudors • Smart, but lacked common sense. • “Wisest fool in Christendom.”

35. James I • Strong Supporter of the Anglican Church • Conflict of the Puritans who wanted reform in the Church • Conceded with w new translation of the bible. The King James Bible. • At odd with the Parliament, because there were a lot of puritans. • Could never raise enough taxes to pay for his programs • To try an raise money he sold titles of nobility, granting monopolies, and raising customs and duties. • Not liked, Tension against Stuarts explodes under the rule of his son, Charles I.