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Cell Structure & Function

Learn about the basic unit of life, the cell, and its structure and function. Explore the 5 kingdoms and the different types of cells found in plants and animals. Understand the cell theory and the importance of cells in living organisms.

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Cell Structure & Function

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  1. Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

  2. CELLS

  3. 5 Kingdoms each containing cells

  4. Use Prezi to identify the 5 Kingdoms

  5. Robert Hooke’s famous drawing of cork cells

  6. Cell Theory • The cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665. He examined very thin slices of cork and saw a multitude of tiny pores that he remarked looked like the walled compartments of a honeycomb. • Hooke called them cells • However, Hooke did not know their real structure or function. [1]

  7. Cell Theory • The first man to witness a live cell under a microscope was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, who in 1674 described the algaeSpirogyra and named the moving organisms animalcules, meaning "little animals".[3]. • Leeuwenhoek probably also saw bacteria.[4]

  8. Spirogyra (Kingdom Protista)

  9. Bones are made of cells

  10. Muscles are made of cells

  11. Plant Cells

  12. Red Blood Cells

  13. Cells

  14. Nerve cells

  15. Nerve Cells

  16. White Blood Cell

  17. Red and White Blood Cells

  18. Cells are either multicellular (more than one)or unicellular (one)

  19. Animal and plant cellseukaryotes

  20. All plants are made of cells

  21. Plants Cells

  22. All animals are made of cells

  23. Comparison of Cells

  24. Cell Theory • Cellsare the basic unit of structure in every living thing. • All cells come from pre-existing cells by division. • Cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during cell division • All cells are basically the same in chemical composition.

  25. Cell Theory • Cellsare the basic unit of structure in every living thing. • All known living things are made up of cells. • Some organisms are unicellular, i.e., made up of only one cell. • Others are multicellular, composed of a number of cells.

  26. How many cells make up your body? • My body is made of 1,000 cells • My body is made of 10,000 cells • My body is made of 100,000 cells • My body is made of 1,000,000 cells • My body is made of 10,000,000 cells • My body is made of 100,000,000 cells • My body is made of 1,000,000,000 cells • My body is made of 10,000,000,000 cells • My body is made of 100,000,000,000 cells • My body is made of 1,000,000,000,000 cells

  27. What else is made of cells?Blue green Bacteria sometimes called Blue green Algae Algae

  28. Volvox (Kingdom Protista)

  29. Kelp forest (Algae)(Kingdom Protista)

  30. An Amoeba is unicellular(Kingdom Protista)

  31. Amoeba

  32. Unicellular: “free-living” can operate independently to survive • Example Volvox • Multicellular: works together with other cells as a larger part of the cell to survive • Example:Human

  33. Euglena are unicellular protist

  34. Yeast Cells: kingdom fungi(Fungi are made of cells)

  35. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

  36. Cell Organelles and Parts • Organelle: membrane-bound structure within a cell that has a specific shape and function. • Examples: Nucleus, Mitochondria, Chloroplast

  37. Cell Theory • All living things are made up of cells. • Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. • All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

  38. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

  39. Types of Cells • Cells can be subdivided into the following subcategories: • Prokaryotes: Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles (though they do contain ribosomes). Bacteria are prokaryotes. • Eukaryotes: Eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, vacuoles,etc).

  40. Bacteria are made of cells called prokaryotes

  41. Bacteria-Eubacteria “Pro”: 1st

  42. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

  43. Prokaryotic • Do not have structures surrounded by membranes • Few internal structures • One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

  44. Eukaryotic • Contain organelles surrounded by membranes • Most living organisms Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

  45. “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

  46. “Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

  47. Cell Parts Organelles

  48. Surrounding the Cell

  49. Cell Membrane/Plasma membrane • Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell • Double layer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  50. Cell membrane

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