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HOW ANIMALS MOVE

HOW ANIMALS MOVE. HOW ANIMALS MOVE. DIVERSE MEANS OF ANIMAL LOCOMOTION HAVE EVOLVED LOCOMOTION ACTIVE TRAVEL FROM PLACE TO PLACE SWIMMING WATER SUPPORTS WEIGHT, BUT INCREASE IN FRICTION LOCOMOTION ON LAND HOPPING, WALKING, RUNNING, AND CRAWLING FLYING ACCOMPLISHED BY WINGS AND LIFT.

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HOW ANIMALS MOVE

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  1. HOW ANIMALS MOVE

  2. HOW ANIMALS MOVE • DIVERSE MEANS OF ANIMAL LOCOMOTION HAVE EVOLVED • LOCOMOTION • ACTIVE TRAVEL FROM PLACE TO PLACE • SWIMMING • WATER SUPPORTS WEIGHT, BUT INCREASE IN FRICTION • LOCOMOTION ON LAND • HOPPING, WALKING, RUNNING, AND CRAWLING • FLYING • ACCOMPLISHED BY WINGS AND LIFT

  3. HOW ANIMALS MOVE • LOCOMOTION ON LAND • EARTHWORMS HAVE TINY BRISTLES (SETAE) THAT ANCHOR IT TO GROUND, PROVIDE TRACTION WHILE EXPANDING AND CONTRACTING

  4. HOW ANIMALS MOVE • SKELETONGS FUNCTION IN SUPPORT, MOVEMENT, AND PROTECTION • HYDROSTATIC SKELETON • FLUID HELD UNDER PRESSURE IN A CLOSED BODY COMPARTMENT • EXOSKELETON • RIGID, EXTERNAL SKELETON; *DOES NOT GROW WITH ORGANISM* • ENDOSKELETON • CONSISTS OF HARD OR LEATHERY SUPPORTING ELEMENTS SITUATED AMONG THE SOFT TISSUES OF THE ANIMAL

  5. HOW ANIMALS MOVE • THE HUMAN SKELETON IS A UNIQUE VARIATION ON AN ANCIENT THEME • AXIAL SKELETON • CONSISTS OF THE SKULL, THE BACKBONE, AND A RIBCAGE • APPENDICULAR SKELETON • MADE OF THE BONES OF THEFORELIMBS AND HIND LIMBS, THE SHOULDER GIRDLE, ANDTHE PELVIC GIRDLE

  6. HOW ANIMALS MOVE • 3 TYPES OF JOINTS • BALL-AND-SOCKET • HINGE • PIVOT

  7. HOW ANIMALS MOVE • SKELETAL DISORDERS AFFLICT MILLIONS • ARTHRITIS • INFLAMMATION OF THE JOINTS • OSTEOPOROSIS • WEAK BONES • BONES ARE COMPLEX LIVING ORGANS • YELLOW BONE MARROW • STORED FAT • RED BONE MARROW • PRODUCE RED BLOOD CELLS

  8. HOW ANIMALS MOVE • BROKEN BONES CAN HEAL THEMSELVES • TREATMENT INVOLVES TWO STEPS • SETTING THE BONE BACK IN PLACE • IMMOBILIZING IT SO IT HEALS CORRECTLY

  9. HOW ANIMALS MOVE • THE SKELETON AND MUSCLES INTERACT IN MOVEMENT • TENDONS • CONNECTIVE TISSUE BETWEEN BONES AND MUSCLES • MUSCLES MUST EXIST INANTAGONISTICPAIRS

  10. HOW ANIMALS MOVE • EACH MUSCLE CELL HAS ITS OWN CONTRACTILE APPARATUS • SKELETAL MUSCLE • ATTACHED TO SKELETON AND PRODUCES MOVEMENT • MYOFIBRILS • BUDLE OF FIBERS THAT MAKE UP SKELETAL MUSCLE • SARCOMERES • MAKE UP MYOFIBRILS • MADE UP OF 2 PIECES • THIN FILAMENT (ACTIN) • THICK FILAMENT (MYOSIN)

  11. HOW ANIMALS MOVE • A MUSCLE CONTRACTS WHEN THIN FILAMENTS SLIDE ACROSS THICK FILAMENTS

  12. HOW ANIMALS MOVE • MOTOR NEURONS STIMULATE MUSCLE CONTRACTION • NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION • SYNAPSE BETWEEN THE MOTOR NEURON AND THE MUSCLE FIBERS

  13. HOW ANIMALS MOVE • THE STRUCTURE-FUNCTION THEME UNDERLIES ALL THE PARTS AND ACTIVITIES OF AN ANIMAL

  14. HOW ANIMALS MOVE • ONLY ONE CHAPTER/TOPIC LEFT!!!! • THE PLANTS THAT KEEP US ALL ALIVE!!

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