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MISSOURI’S MOST least wanted Wetland species. Bruce Henry Natural History Biologist Southeast Region Missouri Department of Conservation. bruce.henry@mdc.mo.gov 573.290.5858 ext 4423. All photo credits to bugwood.org unless noted
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MISSOURI’S MOST least wanted Wetland species Bruce Henry Natural History Biologist Southeast Region Missouri Department of Conservation bruce.henry@mdc.mo.gov 573.290.5858 ext 4423
All photo credits to bugwood.org unless noted • Distribution maps: EDDMapS. 2016. Early Detection & Distribution Mapping System. The University of Georgia - Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health. Available online at http://www.eddmaps.org/; last accessed January 22, 2016
"On a global basis...the two great destroyers of biodiversity are, first habitat destruction and, second, invasion by exotic species” - E.O. Wilson
Why Worry About Invasives? Number 1: Exotic Species Reduce the Variety in our Natural World Number 2: Exotic Species Alter Natural Processes Number 3: Exotic Species are a risk to the health of human beings and organisms we utilize to survive Number 4: Exotics Cause Extinction Number 5: Exotics Cause Economic Harm
natural communities At risk • Fen Complex (Ozark, Prairie, Muck, Marl, Forested, Glacial) • Marsh • Shrub Swamp • Swamp • Sinkhole Pond /Pond Marsh / Pond Shrub Swamp • Springs and Spring Branch • Acid Seep • Stream Edge
Native species At risk
Wetland invasive Species id Life history control
Japanese Knotweed Polygonumcuspidatum Reynoutria japonica • Perennial, herbaceous shrub • Resembles bamboo • Reproduces vegetatively • Difficult to eradicate • August reconnissance Leslie J Merhoff, uconn, bugwood.org
Japanese Knotweed Chris evans, rtrcwma, bugwood.org
Japanese Knotweed control options Japanese Knotweed • Stem Injection (5cc glyphosate) • Foliar: (imazapyr, aminopyralid, triclopyr) • Cut stem: (25% tryclopyr/garlon, !!) • Mowing: not recommended! • Hand pulling: not recommended • Fire: no data • Solarization: (?) • Biocontrol: sap-sucking plant louse, Aphalara itadori(GB) Jkinjector.com
Purple Loosestrife Lythrumsalicaria • Perennial, Herbaceous forb • Garden trade • Resembles blue vervain • 2,500,000 seeds per plant • Relatively easy to kill Maine.gov
Purple loosestrife Leslie J Mehrhoff, uconn, bugwood.org
Purple loosestrife control options • Hand pulling: best option for small populations • Foliar application: (aquatic glyphosate) • Fire: when phenologically appropriate (not feasable) • Solarization: an option in small areas • Mowing/cutting: not recommended • Biocontrol: loosestrife beetles (four species approved) Minnesota dnrphotos
phragmitesphragmitesaustralis • Perennial • Warm-season grass • Most widely distributed plant • Can tolerate brackish water • Can be difficult to eradicate • Low seed production
Phragmites control options • Foliar application: (aquatic glyphosate, imazapyr) • Fire: use in IPM regime to remove thatch • Mowing/cutting: use in IPM • Hand pulling: not recommended • Disking: not recommended • Biocontrol: research in progress (NY DOT) Western Maryland RCD http://www.spsonline.com/sps/services/phragmites-control-0
JAPANESE STILTGRASS MICROSTEGIUM VIMINEUM • Annual • Warm-season grass • Shade tolerant • Water, trail, and hoof • Forest product industry, recreation • Easy to kill, difficult to eradicate
JAPANESE STILTGRASS Chris evans, rtrcwma, bugwood.org
Stiltgrass control options • Foliar application: (clethodim, sethoxydim, glyphosate) • Fire: use in IPM regime to remove thatch, prevent seed Backpack torches • Mowing/cutting: use in IPM • Hand pulling: small populations • Disking: not feasable • Biocontrol: Bipolaris spp. fungi? Illinois dnr photo
Reed Canary Grass Phalarisarundinacea • Perennial • Cool-season grass • Rhizomatous • Forage grass • Shade intolerant • Scourge of northern wetlands
Reed Canary Grass http://www.naturalheritage.state.pa.us/photos/Communities/Bluejoint%20-%20Reed%20Canary%20Grass%20Marsh/IMG_0238.jpg
Reed canary Grass control options • Foliar application: (clethodim, sethoxydim, glyphosate) • Fire: use in IPM regime to remove thatch, prevent seed • Mowing/disking: use in IPM, best in fall/before flowering • Cutstem: (20% glyphosate) small populations • Hand pulling: very small populations • Biocontrol: unlikely Pleasant Valley CONservancy photo
Planning a control program • Map known populations • Determine source (planted or dispersed?) • Identify potential source populations and monitor • Qualify the habitat: high quality community at risk, ROW, trails, or waste ground?
Developing a control strategy • Prevent further spread • Choose appropriate control methods. • Be prepared to continue treatment for years • Follow product label if using herbicides • Prioritize populations • KILL. Begin with satellite populations • Attack core populations • Monitor and reassess, CONTINUE KILLING
Thanks for your attention! Any questions? Call bruce in cape Girardeau at 573.290.5858 x 4423 to report sightings in SOUTHEAST region