Management Information Systems

1. Management Information Systems Islamia University of Bahawalpur Delivered by: TasawarJaved

2. Decision Support Systems • Problem: • Some MIS failed, and failure convinced information specialists: • to develop another way to help problem solvers make decisions • Then the term Decision Support System was introduced by G. Anthony Gorry & Michael S. scott • This system was tailored to specific problem solvers and specific problems

3. Decision Support Systems • A DSS is; • A system that assists a single manager or a small group of managers to solve a single problem. • DSS is designed to help a sales manager determine the best commission rate for the sales force. • It’s a rifle approach to problem solving, whereas MISs take a shotgun approach by providing large group of problem solvers with information to solve a wide range of problems.

4. Decision Support Systems Relational Database Knowledge Data base Multidimensional database Relational DBM system Inference engine Multi dimensional DBM system Report writing software Mathematical models groupware Periodic & special reports Outputs from Mathematical Models Outputs from groupware Solutions & Explanations Output from OLAP

5. Decision Support Systems • At the top 3 sources of information that is delivered to users • DSS outputs were originally produced from a relational DB and included periodic & special reports a & outputs from Mathematical models. • Next, group decision support capability was added by means of group-oriented SW called groupware • The groupware enabled the DSS to act as a group decision support system (GDSS)

6. Decision Support Systems • Recent additions: • DSS include AI and on-line analytical processing. • AI is the science of providing computers with the ability to display behavior similar to that of an intelligent human. • AI is built into the DSS by means of knowledge base of information about a problem area, and an inference engine that can analyse the contents of the knowledge base, online analytical processing OLAP involves the storage of data in a multidimensional form to facilitate the presentation of an almost infinite number of data views.

7. Decision Support Systems • Multidimensional database • MDB is type of DB that is optimized for data warehouse & OLAP applications. MDB allows user to ask question like “how many iPhones have been sold in Bahawalpur so far this year” • OLAP • This application helps to access data from multidimensional DB. • It enables analyst, managers & executives to • Gain insight into data through fast, consistent, interactive access to a wide variety of possible views of info

8. Executive Support System • ESS: • IS at the strategic level of an organization designed to address un-structured decision making through graphics and communication. • Senior managers use this • It serves the strategic level of the organization • They address un-structured decisions and create a generalized computing and communication environment rather than providing any fixed application or specific capability • It is designed to incorporate data about external events such as new tax laws of competitors, but they also draw summarized information from internal MIS and DSS. • They filter, compress, and track critical data, emphasizing the reduction of time and effort required to obtain information useful to executives.

9. Executive Support Systems • An ESS; • Provide limited analytical capabilities, ESS employ the most advanced graphics software and can deliver graphs and data from many sources immediately to a senior executive’s office or to a board room. • It provide a generalized computing and telecommunications capacity that can be applied to a changing array of problems. • DSS is highly analytical as compare to ESS but ESS is designed to deliver information to managers on demand and on a highly interactive basis.

10. ExecutiveSupport Systems ESS work station • Internal data • TPS/MIS data • Financial Data • Office system • Modeling/ analysis • external data • Dow jones • Gallup poll • Standard & poor’s ESS work station ESS work station

11. ExecutiveSupport Systems ESS DSS MIS KWS/OAS TPS

12. The Role of Information in Management problem solving • problem solving and decision making • Its solution, during problem solving process, managers engage in decision making, which is the act of selecting from alternative courses of action. A decision is a particular selected course of action • Problem solving phases • Herbert A. Simon noble prize winning management scientist • Four basic phases of problem solving • Intelligence activity • Design activity • Choice activity • Review activity

13. The Role of Information in Management problem solving Problem Problem Intelligent activity information Design activity information information Choice activity solution Review activity information

14. The Challenge of IS: Key Management Issues • The strategic business challenge • The globalization challenge: how can firms understand the business and system requirements of a global economic environment? • The information architecture challenge: how can organizations develop an information architecture that supports their business goals? • The information systems investment challenge: how can organizations determine the business value of information systems? • The responsibility and control challenge: how can organizations design systems that people can control and understand? How can organization ensure that their IS are used in an ethically and socially responsible manner?

15. Thank you!!! • Q&A