Muscles

1. Muscles Types of muscle

2. Our Objectives Today • Continue familiarisation with muscles • Learn how muscles work antagonistically • Learn the 2 types of muscular contractions

3. How did you do? Deltoids Trapezius Pectorals Triceps Biceps Latissimus Dorsi Abdominals Gluteals Hamstrings Quadriceps Gastrocnemius Front View Back View

4. Antagonistic Muscles

5. Flexion (Bending) of the Arm • The agonist or primemover – the name of the muscle that contract and create movement. • The antagonist – the name of the muscle that relaxes to allow movement to occur. Antagonist (Triceps relax) Agonist or Prime Mover (Biceps contract) • Other muscles support the prime mover (agonist) in creating movement and these are called synergists.

6. Extension (Straightening) of the Arm Locate and name the following parts involved in the extension of the arm: • Agonist (prime mover) • Antagonist • Any Bones Triceps: agonist (prime mover) contracting muscle Biceps: antagonist relaxing muscle

7. Muscular System The effects of Lifestyle and Performance Enhancing Drugs.

8. Rest Why do we need it? • Allows muscles to repair • Rebuild for the next session and strengthen What do the athletes do? • Leading up to a competition they reduce the number of sessions a week but increase the intensity of each session to allow for recover. (Short Term) • After the competition they take a complete break from training before starting again to prepare for the next season. (Long Term)

9. Diet • Carbohydrates • Water (fluids e.g. energy drinks) • Protein e.g. meat, fish, eggs, nuts build and replenish muscles. • Prevents Atrophy. • Eat no less than 2 hours before and no longer than 2 hours after.

10. Performance Enhancing Drugs • Not needed with a good diet!!!! • Most are banned substances in sport. • Anabolic Steroids – build muscle size e.g. bodybuilders and strength e.g. sprinters and throwers. • They work building muscle increasing the recovery so athletes train harder for longer. • Recover from injury much quicker • Banned because bad for health and unfair advantage.

11. How does a strong muscular system help in everyday life? • Increase work capacity/intensity • Decrease chance of injury • Prevent lower back pain • Improve or prevent bad posture • Improve athletic performance • Aid rehabilitation after injury or illness • Improve body image.

12. Questions • Name the muscle responsible for bending the leg at the knee joint (1) • After a tennis player strikes the ball, the racket arm will follow through and move across the body. Name the muscle responsible for adducting the upper arm at the shoulder (1) • What is the anatomical name for the Calf muscle (1). • What type of movement is the deltoid able to create? Give an example of this in sport. (3) • What is hypertrophy? (2) • Which of these muscles work antagonistically: Bicep, Hamstrings, Deltoid, Quadriceps, Pectorals. (2) • Name an 3 immediate effects of exercise on the muscular system (3) • What causes muscular fatigue? (1) • Rest is important to include in a programme of training, why is this? (2) • Explain the difference between Isotonic and Isometric contractions, give a sporting example for each. (4)