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Lab 8

Lab 8. November 6 th , 2013. Hurricane Review. Winds rotate counter-clockwise around the center Storm surge is caused by the wind; a wind-driven rush of sea into coastal areas as a strong tropical cyclone arrives Greater wind velocity results in stronger storm surge.

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Lab 8

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  1. Lab 8 November 6th, 2013

  2. Hurricane Review • Winds rotate counter-clockwise around the center • Storm surge is caused by the wind; a wind-driven rush of sea into coastal areas as a strong tropical cyclone arrives • Greater wind velocity results in stronger storm surge

  3. Southern Hemisphere? • Remember, Coriolisdeflects the wind to the left.How does that affect wind flow around lows and highs?

  4. Hurricane Formation/Intensification • Hurricanes thrive off of warm, moist air (this is why they tend to form over water near the equator!) • Intensification occurs when the hurricane continues to feed on the energy from these warm waters • Oftentimes, the wind from a slow moving cyclone agitates surface of the ocean , bringing deeper water to the surface, analogous to upwelling • How does this affect the ocean temperature, and thus the storm’s intensification?

  5. Convergence/Divergence • Convergence = air coming together • Surface convergence is associated with surface lows L • Divergence = air moving away • Surface divergence is associated with surface highs H

  6. Surface – Upper Air Interaction • Surface pressure is proportional to the weight of the column of air above • Decreasing weight leads to strengthening surface lows, increasing weight leads to strengthening surface highs Decreasing column weight Decreasing column weight • L • H

  7. Advection • Transport of a quantity by the wind • Often interested in temperature advection • Depends on: • Strength of the wind • Angle that the wind crosses isotherms • Temperature gradient

  8. Reading Wind Barbs Credit: http://nycmetnet.ccny.cuny.edu

  9. Advection - Example 20 • What will the temperature be in one hour? Hint: 1 knot = 1 nautical mile. • In 1 hour, the isotherm pattern will be advected 30 nm to the south. • Just look at the temperature 30 nm to the North, 20 degrees! 30 nm 30 0 nm 40 50 60

  10. Fronts • When defining fronts, cold air calls the shots • Cold Front = Cold air advancing • Warm Front = Cold air retreating • How do we locate fronts? • Temp gradient  located at leading edge of cold air • Wind directions  located where wind directions change abruptly • Surface pressure  located in a trough of low pressure

  11. Cold Front Placement

  12. Lab Assignment 11.1 (b) 11.13 12.10 (a, b, c, d)12.11 (a, b)13.1 (a, b)13.2 (a, c)13.7 (a, b) Office hours  Thursday’s from 6-7 pm in Wx Center

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