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Physiological Ways of Coping with Stress

Physiological Ways of Coping with Stress. All.. Identify different physiological ways of dealing with stress. Most.. Explain the process involved in physiological methods. Some.. Evaluate the use of drug therapies. What does each abbreviation stand for?. CBT SIT SNS ANS PNS CHD SRRS.

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Physiological Ways of Coping with Stress

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  1. Physiological Ways of Coping with Stress All.. Identify different physiological ways of dealing with stress. Most.. Explain the process involved in physiological methods. Some.. Evaluate the use of drug therapies.

  2. What does each abbreviation stand for? • CBT • SIT • SNS • ANS • PNS • CHD • SRRS • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy • Stress Inoculation Training/ Therapy • Sympathetic Nervous System • Autonomic Nervous System • Parasympathetic Nervous System • Coronary Heart Disease • Social Readjustment Rating Scale

  3. BZs

  4. Physiological Methods of Stress Management: Drugs Commonly used drugs to combat stress are the: • Benzodiazepines (BZs) • Reduce brain arousal • Beta-blockers • Reduce activity of sympathetic nervous system Howbenzodiazepines enhance the inhibitory role of GABA at the synapse 5 Stress 5 Stress 4

  5. BZs: BENZODIAZEPINES • Used to treat anxiety and stress • Examples include Valium and Librium • BZs work by increasing a natural form of anxiety relief in the body called GABA. • 40% of the body’s receptors react to GABA, it locks into receptors and increases the flow of ‘chloride ions’(chemical). • The ‘chloride ion’ makes it harder for neurons to be stimulated which then slows activity and results in a relaxed and calm person. • Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that arouses the brain. BZs reduce serotonin, reducing anxiety.

  6. BBS: BETA BLOCKERS • They work by reducing the effects of stress response specifically the activity of adrenaline and noradrenalin. • This effect means it is harder to stimulate cells so the heart beats slower and blood pressure falls making the person feel less anxious.

  7. Small group Task • Discuss the strengths & weaknesses of using drug treatments. • Consider: • How effective drugs are • How easy they are to use • Addiction • Side effects • Do they deal with the original problem? • Any other points raised in the discussion. • You will need to answer Question 4 from the CAN YOU..? Section as part of your discussion as well as feed back discussed points to the class.

  8. Advantages of Drugs as a Method of Stress Management • Speed and effectiveness • Drugs can work quickly to reduce dangerous symptoms such as raised blood pressure (beta-blockers), or to reduce disabling levels of stress-related anxiety (BZs) • Research support • A meta-analysis of studies found that BZs were more effective than other drugs such as antidepressants. However, they do not seem to prevent onset of PTSD • Availability • Drugs can be prescribed immediately. In addition, the range of treatments available is increasing rapidly 5 Stress 5 Stress 8

  9. Weaknesses of Drugs as a Method of Stress Management • Dependency • Long-term use of BZs can lead to psychological and physical dependency • Tolerance • Tolerance to the effects of BZs develops with regular use • Side effects • BZs can cause drowsiness and affect memory • NICE report (2006) • The National Institute for Clinical Excellence recommended that beta-blockers should not be used to treat high blood pressure, except in a few specific cases. Beta blockers are associated with an increased risk of diabetes and stroke 5 Stress 5 Stress 9

  10. Stress-Inoculation Training • Conceptualisation – The client is encouraged to relive stressful situations and to analyse various features. What was actually stressful about it? How did they attempt to cope? Why wasn’t it successful? Eventually, clients reach a more realistic understanding of the demands being made on them. • Skills training and practice – Once the key elements of the stressful situations have been identified, clients can be taught specific and non-specific strategies for coping with them. Relaxation techniques help them to cope with the initial arousing effects of stress and training in particular skills then helps reduce the specific demands. • Real-life application – The final stage is for the client to go out into the real world and to put the training to the test. Contact with the therapist is maintained, and follow-up sessions and further training are provided if necessary. The reinforcement of successful coping then becomes self-sustaining. 5 Stress 5 Stress 10

  11. Evaluation Stress Inoculation Training • Targeting symptoms and causes • Helpful at reducing gap between perceived demands and coping resources • Effectiveness • A powerful tool. But, few controlled studies done to check effectiveness • Practicality • Expensive in time, application and money • Difficulties • Changing cognitions and behaviours is difficult if they are based on well established habits 5 Stress 5 Stress 11

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