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Mr. Burkholder Ch 1 PowerPoint Notes

Mr. Burkholder Ch 1 PowerPoint Notes. Scientific notation is a way of expressing a value as the product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10.

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Mr. Burkholder Ch 1 PowerPoint Notes

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  1. Mr. BurkholderCh 1 PowerPoint Notes

  2. Scientific notation is a way of expressing a value as the product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10.

  3. Scientific Notationhas 2 parts: 1st is a number from 1 to 9.9. 2nd is x10 to a power. First must contain only significant figures.Ex: 6.02 x 1023

  4. Starting Number1.0 is ok..9 is not ok.10.0 is not ok. Must be less than 10 and greater than or = to 1.

  5. Significant FiguresThe starting number must contain all significant figures and only significant figures.1.00 x 104 mis different than1 x 104 m

  6. Which of these is wrong?1.2 x 104 m1.4 x 10-7 g39 x 104 m/s

  7. Significant Figures (SF) are the numbers known precisely plus at least one estimated digit. Using Sig Figs means that there is uncertainty. Significant figures are used to show how precise a measurement is. A measurement with 1 SF (2L) is not as very precise. Count number of cups on my desk. Measure length of my pointer as 63 and 64.02 cm and compare. Tell my engineering story about 44.00 ft steel beams.

  8. All non zero’s are significant 443 = 3SF1432 =4SF8.4422 =5SFHow many SF does the number 534 have?

  9. 2. Zeros between nonzero digits are SF 20,002 = 5 SF101 =3SF30,421 =5SF10,921 =5SF3004 = ? 030040 = ?

  10.   NOTE Starting Zero are not Significant. (Place holding zeros are not SF (to the left))0.0001 = 1 SF 0.00045 = 2 SF5.4 = 2SF0.000000001 = 1SF0.00345 = ?

  11. 3. Zeros at the end of a number are not significant, unless they appear after the decimal point or if there is a decimal point.2000 = 1 SF2000. = 4 SF2040.010 = 7 SF10 = 1 SF10. = 2 SF 0.00100 = ?SF (look back)

  12. 4. Counted numbers have unlimited SF, no uncertainty 23 people = unlimited SF144 eggs=unlimited SF

  13. 5. Defined quantities (Conversion factors) have unlimited SF, no uncertainty 1 dozen = 12 eggs = unlimited SF

  14. Dimensional Analysis= multiplying units together so that they cancel.Treating units as algebraic quantities, which can be cancelled.Dimensions = Units How many nickels are equal to $7.20?

  15. Steps for solving problemsStep 1: Analyze the Problem Put the known on the left. Put the unknown on the right with an equal sign.

  16. Steps for solving problemsStep 1: List known and unknown.Step 2: Solve for the UnknownList conversion factors and multiply.Conversion factor units are oftenUnknown units Known Units

  17. Steps for solving problemsStep 1: List known and unknown. Step 2: Multiply by conversion factors.Step 3: does the answer make sense?

  18. Conversion factor • A conversion factor is a multiplier equal to 1 (top is equal to bottom). • 1 in = 2.54cm (you can construct the following 2 conversion factors):

  19. Convert 52.3cm into meters Step 1: List known and unknown.

  20. Convert 52.3cm into meters Step 2: Multiply by conversion factors. Unknown units Known Units

  21. Convert 52.3cm into metersPut numbers into conversion factors

  22. Convert 52.3cm into metersMultiply and/or divide

  23. 10 meters is how many kilometers? (What is wrong with this answer?) Ans: SF

  24. $7.20 X _______Q $ (for practice, convert to Quarter’s first)

  25. $7.20 X _______Q X _______N $ Q

  26. $7.20 X _______Q X _______N = N $ Q

  27. 7.20 x 4 ÷ 1 x 5 ÷ 1 = 144N $7.20 X _______Q X _______N = N $ Q 144 N3 SF

  28. How many inches are in 2.3 miles?1 mile has 5280ft

  29. How many days are in 1.7 years?

  30. Significant Figures in CalculationsYour final answer can be no more precise then your least precise measurementRounding off – 0.500 round up0.499 round downex - Round to 3 (SF)345678 = 3.46 x 10 50.4507 = 4.51 x 10 -1

  31. Multiplication and Division – Round the answer to have the same SF as the least precise number in the problem(12 only has 2 SF, answer will only have 2 SF)12m x 4567m x 123m = 6740892 (2 SF) 6.7 x 10 6m3

  32. How many Sig Figs will each answer have?25cm x 3.0cm =50g x 5 =0.01g ÷ 3.00mL =

  33. Addition and Subtraction –Line up the decimal points. Answer has same Sig Fig as “biggest value” Sig Fig number.0.45m + 2.11111m + 13.2m 0.45m 2.11111m+13.2m15.76111mcorrect answer 15.8m

  34. Addition and Subtraction –Example.Someone made $42,512.77 cents. How much more money does he have?Answer: 0. Why?

  35. Addition and Subtraction –Example.Someone made $42,512.77 cents. How much more money does he have?Answer: 0. Why?His name is Bill Gates. 4 Billion Dollars plus $42,512.77 is still 4 Billion Dollars.

  36. How many SigFigs does the answer have? Finger Vote. Answer is rounded to $=1, Dimes=2, or Pennies=3.$2.13 + $3.15 = 2.33L+ 1.7L =Shout Out1 x 102m + 9.88m =

  37. SI units

  38. SI units • SI units use prefixes. Memorize them for the test. Look on the inside of your text book for 1012 to 10-12 Remember that king henry Died by drinking chocolate milk. Old: k h D b d c m New: k h da b d c m b = base unit

  39. What are the base units in SI?

  40. Official Mass = kilogram (kg)

  41. Mass = amount of matter in an object= kilogram (kg) We often will use grams for small masses. New Definition: Mass is the resistance to changes in motion of an object. Bigger masses take more force to change their motion. Is it harder to move a tennis ball or a car?

  42. Official Length = meters (m)

  43. SI units • Distance is measured in Meters or Kilometers.

  44. Volume =space occupied by an object= (L)

  45. Volume = m3we will often use liter (L)LITER IS NOT AN SI UNIT!!!

  46. Density = Mass ÷ VolumeWhat has more mass 1kg of feathers or 1kg of rocks?Mass is not equal to weight!!! Why?

  47. Time = seconds (s)

  48. Temperature = Kelvin (K)

  49. Density = Mass / Volumevolume - amount of space taken up by an object. Mass - quantity of matter in an object

  50. Can the density of an object change?

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