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Biocompatibility

Biocompatibility. Biological response Biocompatibility tests Sterilization Issues. Biocompatibility. Arises from differences between living and non-living materials Bioimplants trigger inflammation or foreign body response

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Biocompatibility

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  1. Biocompatibility Biological response Biocompatibility tests Sterilization Issues

  2. Biocompatibility • Arises from differences between living and non-living materials • Bioimplants trigger inflammation or foreign body response • New biomaterials must be tested prior to implantation according to FDA regulation • WWII: Validated biocompatibility of several materials including PMMA

  3. Biomaterial-Tissue Interactions

  4. Definitions • Neutrophil- common leucocyte of the blood- short-lived phagocytic cell • Lymphocyte- small cell in blood- recirculates through tissues and back through lymph --polices body for non-self material-- recognizes antigens through surface receptors • Antigen- produces antibody- stimulate adaptive immune response • Antibody- Serum globulins with wide range of specificity for different antigens-- bind to surface • Monocyte- largest nucleated cell of blood-develops into macrophage when it migrates to tissues • Macrophage- phagocyte--scavenger cell-- of tissues • Lysozyme- enzyme secreted by macrophages- attack cell wall of bacteria “natural antibiotic” • Mast Cell- large tissue cell which releases inflammatory mediators-- increases vascular permeability-- allows complement to enter tissues from blood • Complement- a series of enzymes in blood- when activated produce inflammatory effects

  5. Wear-Mediated Osteolysis Wear particles from the replacement head and liner cause inflammation that can lead to pain, bone loss, and ultimately revision surgery wear particles bone loss Archibeck, MJ; Jacobs, JJ; Roebuck, KA; Glant, TT. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, 2000

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