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支气管哮喘 过敏性鼻炎 荨麻疹 湿疹

支气管哮喘 过敏性鼻炎 荨麻疹 湿疹. Bronchial Asthma 支气管哮喘. Overview(概述). Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. Cells: eosinophil, mast cell, T cell , neutrophil and epithelial cells,etc.

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支气管哮喘 过敏性鼻炎 荨麻疹 湿疹

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  1. 支气管哮喘 • 过敏性鼻炎 • 荨麻疹 • 湿疹

  2. Bronchial Asthma支气管哮喘

  3. Overview(概述) • Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. • Cells: eosinophil, mast cell, T cell , neutrophil and epithelial cells,etc. 支气管哮喘是由多种细胞(如噬酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞、T淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、气道上皮细胞等)和细胞组分参与的气道慢性炎症性疾病。

  4. Overview(概述) • Chronic inflammation leads to broncho-hy-perreactivity and recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing, particularly at night or in the early morning . 这种慢性炎症导致气道高反应性的增加,并引起反复发作性的喘息、气急、胸闷或咳嗽等症状,常在夜间或清晨发作、加剧.

  5. 诊断 • 气道高反应性为特征 • 典型的哮喘发作时:胸闷、呼吸困难、 伴咳嗽、咯痰等症状。 多在夜间发作; 肺部听及吹口哨声音,满布哮鸣音。 • 哮喘发作前几分钟往往有过敏症状:如 鼻痒、眼睛痒、打喷嚏、流涕、流泪和 干咳等。

  6. 诊断 • 不典型的哮喘:主要表现为长期反复干咳,咽痒,胸闷不适,常发生在,影响睡眠,一般消炎止咳治疗无效。

  7. Understanding of Modern Medicine(Etiology)现代医学的认识(病因) • Genetic Factor( Polygenic Inheritance) 遗传因素(多基因遗传) • Shooting Factor(Allergic Constitution and External Factors) 激发因素(个体过敏体质及外界环境的影响是发病的危险因素)

  8. Pathogenesis(发病机制) • Immune-inflammation mechanism 免疫—炎症机制 • Neural mechanism 神经机制 • Airway hyperreactivity mechanism 气道高反应性机制

  9. Understanding of TCM(中医的认识) • Bronchial asthma belongs to asthma syndrome or dyspnea syndrome of TCM. 支气管哮喘属于中医学的“哮证”、“喘证”范畴。 • The name of asthma wao first created by Zhudanxi.He made a special articles in the Dan Xi Xin Fa. 朱丹溪首创哮喘之名,在《丹溪心法》一书中作为专篇论述。

  10. Related Viscera and Meridians相关的脏腑、经络 • The disease location is in the lung,mainly impact the spleen and kidney. 病位在肺,主要关系到脾肾。 • Related meridians(相关的经络): lung meridian 肺经 large intestine meridian 大肠经 heart meridian 心经 kidney meridian 肾经 Liver meridian 肝经

  11. Therapeutic Principle(治疗原则) • Treating the branch in attacking stage,treatment the root in remission stage-the basic therapeutic principle of this disease 发时治标、平时治本是治疗哮喘的最基本原则。

  12. Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy(针灸治疗) • Acupuncture treatment of asthma is in a very wide range of clinical applications.the effective rate of the therapy is about 80% in clinical reports.针灸诊疗哮喘在我国临床应用非常广泛,在临床报道中,有效率在80%左右。

  13. Needling Methods with Filiform Needle(毫针刺法) • Acute attack:Feishu,Dingchuan, Tiantu,Lieque,Fenglong. 急性发作期:肺俞、定喘、天突、列缺、丰隆。 In the case of invasion of wind-cold in the lung:add Dazhui,Fengmen. 风寒犯肺者,加大椎、风门。 In the case of stagnation of phlegm-heat in the lung:add Chize,Yuji,(reducing manipulations ) 痰热壅肺者,加尺泽、鱼际,针用泻法。

  14. Needling Methods with Filiform Needle(毫针刺法) • Remission stage:Gaohuangshu,Feishu, Dingchuan,Guanyuan,Taiyuan. 缓解期:膏肓俞、肺俞、定喘、关元、太渊。 • Lung and spleen qi deficiency:add Pishu,Zusanli. 肺脾气虚者,加脾俞、足三里。 • Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney:add Shenshu,Taixi(reinforcing manipulation). 脾肾阳虚者,加肾俞、太溪,针用补法。

  15. "Three Points-Five Needles-One Cup"Therapy“三穴五针一罐”疗法 • Principle Points: Feishu(couple), Fengmen(couple),Dazhui. 主穴:肺俞(双)、风门(双)、大椎穴 • Supplementary points based on different symptoms 随症配穴 • Neutral reinforcing-reducing manipulation 平补平泻手法 • Get cupping after filiform needling 针后加拔火罐

  16. 支气管哮喘急性发作 • 平喘方法: 双侧鱼际穴,直刺入1寸,强刺激,得气后留针30min,间隔行针10min,捻转1次,每天治疗1次。 (一般30min内可见效) 双侧翳风穴,针刺时斜刺或直刺1寸,进针后以提插手法为主,平补平泻,行针3-5min,起针时强刺激,不留针,针刺1min后有效。

  17. 平喘方法 双侧听会穴,双侧均进针后,双手提插捻转,以提插为主,平补平泻,行针1min。 大部分病人可见哮喘平息,口唇紫绀转红润,听诊哮鸣音明显减少。

  18. 组方主配穴 • 主穴:肺俞、定喘。 配穴:脾俞、肾俞、少商。 此五穴均有较明显:抗过敏和平喘效果。 • 操作:用三棱针刺入穴位,深达肌层,上下划拨5-10次,以得起为度,每周2-3次。6-8次为一疗程,连续治疗2-3个疗程。 注:此法实为针挑疗法的沿用; 少商穴少用,疼痛明显。

  19. 赖氏经验取穴平喘(4+1) • 治则:发时治肺,兼调任脉。 • 主穴:尺泽双、孔最双、列缺双、鱼际双。 配穴:天突、膻中、鸠尾。 • 操作:主穴(4个)+配穴(1个,任选)。先针主穴,顺序从尺泽→鱼际,逆行而治,行捻转提插补泻法,得气后留针30min。中间行针1次,每日1次,6次为1疗程。 • 此法对于急性、慢性、虚实寒热均可用。本人已适用几十年,疗效显著。

  20. 赖氏刺血拔罐法+针刺五穴 • 主穴:大椎、定喘,以三棱针刺血拔罐. 配穴:膻中、曲池、三阴交、太溪、 复溜。 均双侧取穴,以针刺方法得气后平补平泻,留针30min,每天1次,隔5天1次。 • 治疗支气管哮喘急性发作。

  21. 挑刺法 • 主穴:天突、肺俞双、定喘双。 配穴:(定喘)鸠尾。 • 操作:以自制挑刺专用钩针,针尖入穴位时,捻转(80度),进入真皮后以牵拉或抖动的方法挑断白色纤维。每周2次,6次为1疗程。 • 可收显著的平喘疗效。 • 注:为已故著名针灸学家司徒铃教授创用。

  22. Warming Moxibustion on Three Back-Shu Points温和灸三俞 • Principle points:Feishu,Pishu.Shenshu 主穴:肺俞、脾俞、肾俞。 • Supplementary points:Dazhui,Guanyuan, Zusanli. 配穴:大椎、关元、足三里。 • Performance :warming moxibustion (with moxa stick)操作方法:艾条温和灸。 • Combining with filiform needling. 结合针刺治疗

  23. 灸少商穴法 • 艾炷灸双侧少商穴,每次3-5壮,每日1次,10次为一疗程。 • 10次后可见明显疗效。

  24. 赖氏传统三伏天灸法 • 主穴:肺俞、隔俞(四花穴)+定喘。 配穴:大椎(初伏) 百劳(中伏) 膏肓俞(末伏) 足三里(第四次加强) 注:四花穴为肺俞、隔俞,为本人导师已故司 徒铃教授几十年经验总结,可交通阴阳,调 理气血;加之定喘为经外奇穴中治疗哮喘的 特效穴,有别于治疗鼻炎等处方。

  25. 赖氏传统三伏天灸法 配穴的方法为赖氏经验 天灸方: 白芥子、半夏、细辛、元胡、甘遂、斑蝥等适量研末,可用鲜姜汁调成糊状,制成药饼。

  26. 儿童三伏贴 • 用“冬病夏治”流传验方: 白芥子 21g、细辛 21g、甘遂 12g、 延胡索 12g(也有用仙茅) • 共研细末,用生姜汁调成糊状,制成药饼;也有另加麝香末,每次0.5g,撒在药饼中。分成三份,在炎热三伏天(初伏、中伏、末伏各贴一次)

  27. 儿童三伏贴 天突、定喘、丰隆; 肺俞、中喘; 膻中、肾俞、足三里。 • 或选取背部的百劳、肺俞、膏肓俞三穴(双侧) • 每次灸贴时间:婴儿1-2h; 学龄儿3-4h; 成人4-6h; 3次为1疗程,需连续治疗3个疗程。

  28. 儿童三伏贴 • 注:敷药后局部有针刺样烧灼感或蚁爬行感。将药取下局部潮红,不久后起小水泡,而后融合成大水泡。3-4天后水泡逐渐吸收、结痂,7-10天结痂脱落,不留瘢痕。 一般认为局部起泡者疗效较佳;局部无反应者多无疗效;局部反应快者由于反应慢者;水泡积液多者疗效优于积液少者。 • 作用机制:tigao迷走神经的兴奋性,还有扶阳固本。

  29. Auricular Acupuncture(耳针疗法) • Principle points:Qiguan(CO16)trachea, Fei(CO14)lung,Shen(CO10)kidney, Shenshangxian(TG2p)adrenal gland,Shenmen(TF4). 取穴:支气管、肺、肾、神门、肾上腺。(图) • Performance: Wangbuliuxingzi (Semen Vaccariae) fixed onto the ear acupoints. Advise the patient to press the acupoints many times a day; each time select one ear and change the other side every two days. • 操作:用王不留行籽贴压穴位。嘱患者每日按压耳穴数次,2d更换一次,两耳交替。

  30. Acupoint Injection(穴位注射) • Principle Points:Dingchuan,Feishu, Tiantu,Danzhong,Zhongfu,Kongzui,Fenglong,Shenzhu. • 常用穴位:定喘、肺俞、天突、膻中、中府、孔最、丰隆、身柱等穴 • Common Injecta:CCO、Huangqi Injecta. 常用注射液:维D2果糖酸钙注射液或黄芪注射液等。

  31. Chinese Medicine Therapy(中药治疗)

  32. Heat Syndrome(热喘) • Therapeutic Principle :cleaning away heat,resolving phlegm,asthma-relieving. 治则:清热化痰定喘 • Prescription:Modified Dingchuan Decoction 方药:定喘汤加味 • Modification: On the base of Dingchuan Decoction:add Chuanbei,Jinqiaomai,Danshen. Add Gualou ,Madouling if cough seriously 以原方加川贝、金荞麦、丹参、咯甚加瓜蒌、马兜铃。

  33. Cold Syndrome寒喘 • Therapeutic Principle:warming the lung,dispelling cold,asthma-relieving. 治则:温肺散寒定喘 • Prescription:Modified Suzijiangqi Decoction. 方药:苏子降气汤加味 • On the base of Suzijiangqi Decoction:add Baijiezi,Zhimahuang,Danshen,Chuanbei.add Chuanjiao and Ganjiang if the symptom of cold syndrome is serious. 以原方加白芥子、炙麻黄、丹参、川贝, 寒甚加川椒、干姜。

  34. Deficiency Syndrome(虚哮) • Therapeutic Principle: reinforcing deficiency,asthma-relieving 治则:补虚定喘 • Prescription:self-made Guzhenjiangqi Decoction. • 方药:固真降气汤加味(自拟) • Ingredient:Renshen,Shudi,Danggui,Shanyurou,Hutaoren,Maidong,Wuweizi,Huainiuxi,Baijiezi,Shengjiang, Placental powder(infused with water). 基本药物:人参、熟地、当归、山萸肉、胡桃肉、 麦冬、五味子、怀牛膝、白芥子、生姜、胎盘粉(吞服)。

  35. Wind Syndrome风哮 • Therapeutic Principle:nourishing liver, dispelling wind,asthma-relieving 治则:柔肝祛风定喘 • Prescription: modified Guominjian. 方药:过敏煎加味 • Ingredient:Chaihu,Fangfeng,Wumei,Wuweizi,Huangqin,Sugeng,Gancao,Xingren, Zhimahuang,Dilong. 药物:柴胡、防风、乌梅、五味子、黄芩、 苏梗、甘草、杏仁、炙麻黄、地龙干。

  36. Stasis Syndrome(瘀哮) • Therapeutic principle:activating blood and dissolving stasis 治则:活血化瘀 • Prescription:Modified Xuefuzhuyu Decoction 主方:血府逐瘀汤加减Ingredient:Danshen,Honghua,Chuanxiong,Danggui, Chishao,Huainiuxi. On attack stage:add Dilong,Tinglizi. Symptom of stasis syndrome is serious: add hirudo powder. 基本药物:丹参、红花、川芎、当归、赤芍、 怀牛膝,发作期加地龙干、葶苈子,瘀甚加用水蛭粉。

  37. 儿童支气管哮喘 • 发作期 处方:射干、桂枝、五味子、法半夏 各9g,生石膏 30g,生麻黄、细辛(各3g)。 水煎内服,日1剂,分3次口服。 《中西医结合杂志》1986(11)

  38. 儿童支气管哮喘 • 缓解期 哮喘症状缓解后停用西药,改服中药。 处方:党参、黄芪、白术、黄精、沙参、丹参、熟地、五味子、仙灵脾(各15g)。 浓煎至200ml,用量:乳儿20ml,幼儿30ml,学龄前(7岁前)40ml,8-16岁50ml。 一日两次,口服。4-8周为1疗程。 • 治疗后1年内不复发20%,总有效率90.6%.

  39. Steroid-dependent Asthma激素依赖型哮喘 • Belong to deficiency syndrome,commonly appear after high-dose corticosteroids,also can be seen in the process of hormone withdrawal.The therapeutic principle is in favor of reinforcing deficiency,and take into account of eliminating pathogenic factors. 激素依赖性哮喘属于虚喘,在大剂量应用激素后常见,在激素撤减过程中也可见到。治则重在补益,兼以祛邪。

  40. Steroid-dependent Asthma激素依赖型哮喘 • Three sub-syndromes 此型患者有三个亚型: • Kidney-yin-deficiency syndrome 肾阴虚 • Kidney-yang-deficiency syndrome 肾阳虚 • Kidney-yin-yang-deficiency syndrome 肾阴阳两虚

  41. Steroid-dependent Asthma激素依赖型哮喘 • Kidney-yin-deficiency syndrome 肾阴虚 Shengdi,Shanyurou,E’jiao,Gouqi. 以生地、山萸肉、阿胶、枸杞为主 • Kidney-yang-deficiency syndrome 肾阳虚Fuzi,Rougui,Tusizi,Hajie. 以附子、肉桂、菟丝子、蛤蚧为主 • Kidney-yin-yang-deficiency syndrome 肾阴阳两虚 Combining nourishing yin and warming yang. 滋阴、温阳参合用之。

  42. Steroid-dependent Asthma激素依赖型哮喘 • 六味地黄丸对顽固性激素依赖患儿在撤除皮质激素时应用。

  43. Cough Variant Asthma(CVA)咳嗽(变异)型哮喘 • Mostly belong to pulmonary qi and lung-yin deficiency syndrome. 中医诊断多属“肺气阴虚”型; • Therapeutic Principle: nourishing liver,nourishing yin,clearing lung. 治疗:以柔肝养阴清肺为治则

  44. Cough Variant Asthma(CVA)咳嗽(变异)型哮喘 • experienced prescription(self-made): Zhebei,Baizhi,Bohe,Qianhu,Baibu, Shashen,Wuweizi,Suzi,Xingren, Sangbaipi,Digupi,Gancao. 经验方(自拟):浙贝、白芷、薄荷、前胡、百部、沙参、五味子、苏子 杏仁、桑白皮、地骨皮、生甘草。

  45. Drug Toxicity (药物的毒性反应) • Huangqin,Chaihu,Baiguo and Cangzhu may cause liver damage.It is related to the protoplasmic poison of these herbal medicine. 治疗哮喘的药物如黄芩、柴胡、白果、苍术均可引起肝损害。其机理与上述药物的原浆毒有关。 • We should use the Zhimahuang,and strictly control the indications and dosage. 应用麻黄时选择炙麻黄,并应严格掌握适应症及用量。

  46. Other Prescriptions for Chinese Medicine其他中药方剂 • Huagai Decoction: Mahuang,Zisuzi,Xingren,Sangbaipi,Chifuling, Juhong,Gancao. 华盖汤:麻黄、紫苏子、杏仁、生桑皮、赤茯苓、桔红、甘草。 • Sheganmahuang Decoction: Shegan,Mahuang,Shengjiang,Xixin,Ziwan, Kuandonghua,Wuweizi,Chinese date,Banxia. 射干麻黄汤:射干、麻黄、生姜、细辛、紫菀、款冬花、五味子、大枣、半夏。

  47. Hongguangxiang(洪广祥) • Juanxiao Decoction (removing phlegm and blood stasis): Tinglizi,Qingpi,Chenpi,Binglang,Mujingzi,Weimao,Shengjiang,Dahuang. 蠲哮汤(涤痰祛瘀):葶苈子、青皮、陈皮、槟榔、牡荆子、卫矛、生姜、 大黄。

  48. Hongguangxiang(洪广祥) • Qifu Decoction and Huwei Decoction: Huangqi,Fuzi,Guizhi,Baishao,Shengjiang,Chinese date,Zhigancaoo,Lulutong, Fangfeng. 芪附汤(黄芪、附子)合护卫汤(桂枝、白芍、生姜、大枣、炙甘草、路路通、防风)

  49. Jiangchunhua(姜春华) • Jiechuan Decoction: Bitaogan,Laoguancao,Jinqiaomai, Fangfeng,Hehuanpi,Foercao, Quangualou,Xuanfuhua. 截喘方 组成:碧桃干、老鹳草、金荞麦、防风 合欢皮、佛耳草、全瓜蒌、旋覆花。

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