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Chapter 10.1 – The Native Americans of the Plains

Chapter 10.1 – The Native Americans of the Plains. U.S. History. Corps of Discovery. Jefferson’s desire was to expand new nation west after Louisiana Purchase. The Plan. Lewis and Clark leave St. Louis in May 1804 with approximately 50 men Cross the Continental Divide J ourney on to Pacific.

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Chapter 10.1 – The Native Americans of the Plains

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  1. Chapter 10.1 – The Native Americans of the Plains U.S. History

  2. Corps of Discovery • Jefferson’s desire was to expand new nation west after Louisiana Purchase

  3. The Plan • Lewis and Clark leave St. Louis in May 1804 with approximately 50 men • Cross the Continental Divide • Journey on to Pacific

  4. The Route

  5. The Continental Divide

  6. Native Americans • Expedition helped by Native Americans who numbered in the hundreds of thousands at that time • Lewis & Clark not first white men to explore area • Animals and technology previously introduced to plains societies by Europeans

  7. The Coming of the Horse • profound impact on Native American life • Spanish brought to colonies in New Mexico

  8. Continued………………….. • Native Americans trade and/or steal horses • only domesticated animal up to this point was the dog • horse improved transportation and communication • changed nature of warfare and division of labor

  9. Continued…………………. • Horse transforms many cultures • Pawnee-farmers, hunter/gatherers; • become mobile (nomadic) with arrival of horse • Mandan-traders on international scale

  10. Continued……………………. • nomadic tribes-Native Americans begin to migrate, especially in Plains; followed herds of buffalo • Buffalo becomes “hot” commodity for the Plains Indians • many of the nomadic tribes were not native to the Plains (immigrants)

  11. Changing Roles for Men/Women • nomadic tribes differ, but do share some characteristics • Men depended on for skilled riding, hunting, fighting • Nomadic life politically and socially more fluid for men than farming communities • wealth determined by number of horses; power by skill in battle

  12. Continued………………… • Women less influential/less wealthy • women spent time preparing for the hunt or drying buffalo meat and tanning hides; not so in agricultural societies • As agricultural societies become nomadic, female-oriented village life now rested in the male-dominated hunting parties

  13. Decline of Village Societies • Before horses and nomadic life, peaceful and harmonious life • 1700’s Native Americans engage in raids on settled groups • alliances form; dominate tribes survive • farming societies suffer from white man’s diseases and nomadic tribe • Mandan tribe suffers greatly; population falls from 10,000 in 1700’s to 2,000 in 1837; smallpox takes all but 138 • Mid-1800’s 75,000 nomadic Native Americans dominated the Great Plains; 84,000 Eastern tribes forced to relocate to the west • Relationship between white men and Native Americans becomes strained as more white settlers move west

  14. In John Gast's 'American Progress’

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