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River Dynasties in China

River Dynasties in China. Chapter 2 section 4. Key Terms. Loess Oracle bone Mandate of heaven Dynastic cycle Feudalism. The Geography of China. Natural barriers Yellow Sea East China Sea Pacific Ocean Mountains River systems Huang He (Yellow River) Chang Jiang (Yangtze)

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River Dynasties in China

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  1. River Dynasties in China Chapter 2 section 4

  2. Key Terms • Loess • Oracle bone • Mandate of heaven • Dynastic cycle • Feudalism

  3. The Geography of China • Natural barriers • Yellow Sea • East China Sea • Pacific Ocean • Mountains • River systems • Huang He (Yellow River) • Chang Jiang (Yangtze) • Loess- fertile soil blown by the winds, silt from rivers

  4. The Geography of China • Environmental Challenges • Huang He floods (China’s sorrow) • Geographic isolation had to supply own goods • Natural boundaries • Invasions from the north and west

  5. Geography of China • China’s heartland • Only 10 suitable for farming • North China Plain • Boundaries expand and contract with the ruler • Heartland the center of its civilization

  6. Civilization Emerges in Shang Times • 1.7 million year old fossils • Farming settlements 2000 BC • Xia Dynasty • First one • Flood control and irrigation • China rose to power • No invasions

  7. Civilization Emerges in Shang Times • Shang Dynasty lasted from 1700 to 1027BC • First leader to leave written records • Built elaborate palaces and tombs

  8. Civilization Emerges in Shang Times • Early Cities • Anyang capital of Shang Dynasty • Built of wood • Higher class • Timber framed houses • Walls of clay • Inside city walls • Peasant outside the city in huts

  9. Cities surrounded with a large wall • 118 wide • 1.2 mile circle • 10,000 men , 12 years • Constantly at war • Chariots for war • Professional warriors

  10. The Development of Chinese Culture • Outsiders barbarians • Group more important than the individual • Loyalty to family • Obedience to ruler

  11. The Development of Chinese Culture • Family • Central in Chinese society • Elder men controlled property and family • Women were inferiors • 13-16 marriage arranged • Having sons improved her status

  12. The Development of Chinese Culture • Social Classes • Nobles • Peasants • Ruling class of warriors led by Shang • Noble families owned land • Sent tribute to the king

  13. The Development of Chinese Culture • Religious beliefs • Spirits of family ancestors • Bring good or bad • Did not regard spirits as gods • Like troublesome neighbors • Paid respect to father’s ancestor

  14. The Development of Chinese Culture • Shang worshiped a supreme god • Shang Di • Oracle bones-animal bones and tortoise shells • Questions were written • Priest applied poker • Priests interpreted the cracks

  15. The Development of Chinese Culture • Development of Writing • Each stands for symbol • No links between spoken and written language • People in China all learned same system • Helped unify large land • Made control easier

  16. Disadvantage • Enormous number of characters • 1,500 barely literate • 10,000 very literate • Noble persons children learned to read and write

  17. Zhou and the Dynastic Cycle • 1027 Zhou people overthrew Shang • Mandate of heaven- a just ruler has divine approval • Wicked or foolish king could lose it • Anything that went wrong mean displeasure with king

  18. Zhou and the Dynastic Cycle • Dynastic cycle- pattern of rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties • Feudalism-political system in which nobles or lords are granted the use of land that belongs to the king

  19. Zhou and the Dynastic Cycle • Nobles would then owe loyalty or service to the king • Gradually lords get stronger • Lords would fight amongst themselves

  20. Zhou and the Dynastic Cycle • Zhou were peaceful and stable • Nomads sacked Zhou • Warlords claimed to be king (warring states) • Traditional values collapsed • Chaos, arrogance, defiance

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