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Yeasts

Yeasts. Round to oval, single cells which reproduce by budding . Yeasts. Candida Cryptococcus. Candidiasis. Candida albicans Non-albicans species. Ecological Niche. Candida albicans. Endogenous (mouth, gut, vagina).

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Yeasts

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  1. Yeasts Round to oval, single cells which reproduce by budding

  2. Yeasts • Candida • Cryptococcus

  3. Candidiasis Candida albicans Non-albicans species

  4. Ecological Niche Candida albicans Endogenous (mouth, gut, vagina)

  5. Infections with Candida usually occur when there is some alteration in: • Cellular immunity • Normal Flora • Physiology

  6. CANDIDIASIS • Skin • Vaginitis • Urinary tract • Mucous membranes • Septicemia • Endocarditis • Pneumonia

  7. CANDIDIASIS The fourth most common nosocomial bloodstream infection.

  8. GEOGRAPHIC OCCURENCE WORLDWIDE

  9. Clinical SpecimensCandida • Sputum • Scrapings from lesions • Blood smears • Vaginal discharge • Urine • Feces • Nail clippings

  10. 8-12 MICRONS

  11. Pseudomycelium

  12. GERM TUBES

  13. SEROLOGY • There have been several antibody detection test, but none were significant. • Beta-Glucan measurement is now showing promise

  14. Therapy • Nystatin • Vaginitis • Cutaneous • Fluconazole * • Itraconazole

  15. Cryptococcosis Cryptococcus neoformans

  16. Cryptococcosis A sub-acute or chronic infection which may affect the lungs or skin but most commonly manifests as a meningitis

  17. Cryptococcusportal of entry • Inhalation • inoculation

  18. Typical clinical course • Inhalation • Mild pneumonia • Vision, lethargy, headache • Delirium, nuchal rigidity, coma • Over a period of months • Death if not treated

  19. Cryptococcus neoformans • Spherical • 5-10 microns • Narrow- base • Surrounded by polysaccharide capsule

  20. Cryptococcus neoformans Virulence factors Anti-phagocytic polysaccharide capsule Antioxidant melanin Ability to grow at 37 C

  21. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION WORLDWIDE

  22. Ecological Niche Cryptococcus neoformans • Pigeon droppings • Chicken droppings

  23. Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from environmental sites in South Carolina

  24. Specimen of choice Cerebrospinal fluid

  25. Clinical Specimens Cryptococcosis • CSF • Sputum • Pus • Biopsy material • urine

  26. Serological Tests Cryptococcosis • Indirect fluorescent antibody • Tube Agglutination • Latex Agglutination • (measures antigen)

  27. Drugs of Choice Cryptococcosis • Amphotericin B plus 5-Flucytosine • OR • Amphotericin B plus Fluconazole

  28. The End

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