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WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN

WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN. Istanbul, 12 May, 2010. 1. Wind energy: context and situation.

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WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN

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  1. WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN Istanbul, 12 May, 2010

  2. 1. Wind energy: context and situation

  3. The external energy dependence of the European Union is over 50% and it is forecasted to be above 70% by 2020. Energy diversification is a priority in the European energy policy and reducing energy dependence is a geostrategic necessity. In 2007, the rate of external energy dependence of Spain reached 85.1% which is a strategic weakness and a burden on the trade balance. According to the commitments made within the Kyoto Protocol, Spain aims to limit CO2 emissions by more than 15% (reference 1990), but it closed 2005 with a 53% increase. The long construction period for conventional power stations and the uncertainty of fossil fuel prices consolidate wind energy as a source of electrical generation. ENERGY CONTEXT: CURRENT SITUATION

  4. IMPORTANT AND CONTINOUS GROWTH OF WIND POWER IN SPAIN • Renewable Energies Plan (2005-2010): 20,155 MW • Official Network Planning for 2016: 29,000 MW • Further increase expected for compliance with the goal of 20% of energy demand with renewable copiers  40% -> 44,000 MW.

  5. WIND POWER HAS AN IMPORTANT SHARE IN THE ELECTRICTY SUPPLY Percentage of wind energy in the Spanish power supply

  6. WIND POWER PRODUCTION AND CAPACITY FACTOR Global wind production increases due to the growth of installed power, but individual wind farms have reduced their capacity factor. Wind production remains constant for long periods of time. The maximum coverage was 53% of the total demand. 6

  7. DEMAND COVERAGE HISTORIC HIGH 8/11/2009

  8. 2. The integration of wind energy into the grid

  9. THE INTEGRATION OF WIND ENERGY RAISES SOME CHALLENGES • Technical challenges: • Reaction of wind farms to dip voltages: contribution to grid stability. • Voltage control. • Grid security and safety. • System Operation challenges: • Wind production programme: affects the deviations and the use of ancillary services. • Coordinated operation of generation units.

  10. THE ANSWER TO THOSE CHALLENGES REQUIRES THE DEFINITION OF THE TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS Universities and Technological centres TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS Laboratories, testing and certification entities

  11. CREATION OF THE TECHNICAL VERIFICATION • COMMITTE (CTV): • PROMOTERS • MANUFACTURERS • WTG • FACTS • LABORATORIES • AEE • REE COORDINATED SYSTEM OPERATION: TSO: CECRE CONTROL CENTRES (18) WIND FARMS (AROUND 700) STUDY OF WIND ENERGY INTEGRATION SINCE 2004 THE WIND SECTOR AND THE TSO HAVE CLOSELY COLLABORATED TO DEFINE THOSE REQUIREMENTS IN A REALISTIC AND PRACTICAL WAY (WITH THE PORTUGUESE TSO INVOLVEMENT) 2004

  12. EXAMPLE: WIND POWER TRIPS (19/1/2007) 1000 MW 500 MW 400 MW

  13. Generators must remain connected start of disturbance Voltage (pu) 1 0,95 pu 0,8 0,6 2 ph faults 0,2 Fault length Clearance of the fault 0 1 0,5 15 Time (sec) TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LVRT TO KEEP GRID STABILITY • Remain connected to the system in case of faults in the network (3/2/1 phase short circuits), allowing the protection system to clear the default (low voltage ride-through capability): • Voltage–time at the connection point to be supported (P.O.12.3) : Power consumption (P,Q) limited during fault and recovery. Reactive power production during fault Lower restriction during 150 ms after fault inception and fault clearing Lower restrictions for unbalanced faults.

  14. Losses of WindPower > 100 MW

  15. THE SOLE COUNTRY AT WORLDWIDE LEVEL WITH A SPECIFIC TESTING AND CERTIFICATION PROCEDURE Source: E2Q

  16. WIND FARMS THAT PARTICIPATE IN THE ELECTRICAL MARKET THROUGH OFFER UNITS GLOBAL METEOROLOGICAL DATA Wind Farm Deviation 30 % FORECASTERS Offer 1 Deviation 20% DAY AHEAD MARKET<10.00 AM Offer Unit 1 Wind Farm Deviation 30 % REDISPATCHING INTRADAY MARKETS DEVIATION: 15% WIND FARM PRODUCTION FORECASTS Offer Unit 2 Wind Farm Deviation 30 % Offer 2 Deviation 17% DAY AHEAD MARKET<10.00 AM REDISPATCHING INTRADAY MARKETS DEVIATION: 13%

  17. CECRE: OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS • Main function: To achieve a greater level of integration for renewable energy sources without compromising the system´s security. • Improves security and effectiveness in the system´s operation. • Allows substitution of permanent preventive criteria for real time production control. • Real time risk assessment due to voltage dip wind generation losses. • Calculation of Wind production limitations • To filter limits for stable solutions in accordance with legislation. GEMAS

  18. AN UNDESIRED SITUATION: WIND POWER REDUCTION AFTER CECRE ORDER (24/2/2010)

  19. 3. The Spanish market

  20. BREAKDOWN BY MANUFACTURERS BREAKDOWN BY MANUFACTURERS OF INSTALLED WIND POWER IN 2009 BREAKDOWN BY MANUFACTURERS OF ACCUMULATED WIND POWER AT THE END OF 2009 More than 700 companies, from manufacturers to financial services, have some kind of involvement in the wind energy sector 21

  21. MAIN PLAYERS IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN OF WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN Main players in major activity areas: Raw materials Energy Shipping Etc. Project development, construction, financing, etc. .. Service operation, maintenance and sale of electricity Manufacture of key components Manufacture of wind turbines GES IMFUTURE GUASCOR SERVICIOS INGETEAM REETEC EFACEC SBS HANSEN WINERGY MOVENTAS ECHESA SKF FAG / INA TIMKEN LM GLASSFIBER FIBERBLADE … VESTAS GE Wind GAMESA ENERCON SIEMENS NORDEX ALSTOM ACCIONA M TORRES REPOWER SUZLON … IBERDROLA ACCIONA NEO ENERGÍA (HC) ECYR (ENDESA) EUFER (UN. FENOSA) GAS NATURAL ENERFÍN EYRA (ACS) EON EOLIA MOLINOS DEL EBRO …..

  22. A SOLID INDUSTRIAL NETWORK TO ATTEND THE NATIONAL AND EXTERNAL MARKETS Spanish wind sector industrial centres

  23. 4. An adequate legal framework

  24. A STABLE LEGAL FRAMEWORK IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WIND SECTOR • The New 2007 Royal Decree, in force from 1 June 2007, allows two remuneration options: • Regulated tariff • Market price + premium: with a cap and floor for the premium • Wind farm installations governed by the previous regulation (RD 436/2004) had until 01/01/2009 to decide whether they will continue with it or choose the new RD • Remuneration updated using the RPI, less an adjustment factor (0,25% until 2012, 0,5% from then on)

  25. WIND FARMS REMUNERATION 2008 2009

  26. CONCLUSIONS • The sector has resolved the main challenges of the technical requirements for the integration of wind power in the best conditions to guarantee the quality and safety of the grid. • The collaboration between the Spanish wind sector and the TSO has been very fruitful and essential to guarantee the integration of wind energy in the electrical system. • The development of wind energy in Spain has also been backed by an important industrial capacity and now the main challenge is to keep a competitive position in a globalised market.

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