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The Strategic Disciplinary Boundaries of China ’ s Key Agricultural & Forestry Universities

This article explores the disciplinary structures and dominant disciplines in China's key agricultural and forestry universities, highlighting their role in the country's higher education system.

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The Strategic Disciplinary Boundaries of China ’ s Key Agricultural & Forestry Universities

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  1. The Strategic Disciplinary Boundaries of China’s Key Agricultural & Forestry Universities LIU ZHIMIN PHD Professor & Director of Higher Education Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, P. R. CHINA JUNE 29,2011 1

  2. The Strategic Disciplinary Boundaries of China’s Key Agricultural & Forestry Universities 1. A Brief Introduction to China’s Higher Education  Martin Trow’s theory on the development stages of higher education, Gross enrollment ratios (GER) <15% : Elite education; GER=15-50% : Mass education; GER>50%,Universal education.  China’s(2011) GER: 26.5%, ushered in the era of Mass Education  The number of students : 31.05 million  By 2020, Chinese government pledges 40% in GER and 35.5 million in student enrollment.  Among the baskets of student-enrollments, agro-forestry universities account for 4.08% in bachelor degree study, 3.27% in master degree and 5.06% in that of Ph.D. 2

  3. CHINA’S Higher Education Structure & Some Projects Taken Research University 2 7 56 796 1079 39 366 1184+ 400 113 Higher Vocational School+ adult C9 University e e school Master Master Graduat Graduat Others Others Doctor Doctor Bachelor Bachelor 985project 211project school 3 Fig 2. A Composition Framework of Universities’ Layer Structures in China

  4. 2. The Status of China’s Key Agro-&Forestry Higher Institutions Table 1. Spreadsheet of General Information about China’s Key Agro-forestry Universities with “Project 985” With Graduate School with “Project 211” WRWU Ranking QS Items Ranking University Name China Agricultural University(CAU) 1341 1926 - 149 √ - - - - √ √ Beijing Forestry University(BJFU) √ - √ - Northeast Forestry University(NEFU) - √ Nanjing AgriculturalUniversity(NJAU) 1908 161 - √ - √ Huazhong Agricultural University(HZAU) 2162 √ Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University(NAFU) - - √ √ √ * WRWU Ranking: Webometrics Rankings of World Universities, web clicks of the universities front page will be referenced to rank the top 2000 universities all over the world; QS Ranking: refers to the university rankings in Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) “Asian University rankings- top 200 4

  5. 3. Disciplinary Structuring in China’s Key Agricultural & Forestry Universities 1 ) Disciplinary Structuring Form: Agricultural Studies Branched into Other Studies in Universities of Comprehensive Disciplinary Setups  Table 2 .Generals of China’s Key Agricultural Universities Among which: Papers published in overseas journals National Awards for Excellent Ph.D dissertation Fund for Research(Hu ndreds of Millions) Number of Sub- disciplines Fulltime Student Enrollment Grand Total of Published Papers Faculty Number University Name CAU 24 2792 20416 7.96 16 4842 1341 BJFU 9 1613 16463 1.19 4 1335 214 NEFU 12 2768 21895 0.72 5 1515 186 NJAU 13 2702 22742 3.92 6 2967 690 HZAU 8 2589 23163 3.89 9 2644 665 NAFU 7 4582 27679 2.90 4 3070 340 Cited from: Official Front Page of the above six universities at July 30, 2010, refer to details at http://www.cau.edu.cn;http://www.bjfu.edu.cn;http://www.nefu.edu.cn;http://www.njau.edu.cn;http://www.hzau.edu.cn;http://www.nwsuaf.edu.cn. 5

  6. 3. Disciplinary Structuring in China’s Key Agricultural & Forestry Universities 2)Dominant Disciplines: Agricultural Science, Science, Engineering, Management.  Table 3 MOE Directly Administered Agro-forestry Universities in 2008 First-Level Discipline Appraisal in China Science and Civilization Discipline Discipline Agriculture and Forestry 3 Economic Management Agricultural Resource Veterinary Medicine Animal Husbandry Forest Engineering Food Science and Plant Protection Crop Science NationalRanking National Exploitation Aquaculture Horticulture Engineering Agricultural Engineering Forestry Ranking University 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 CAU 1 3 BJFU 3 1 NEFU 2 3 4 3* 5* 2 - 1* 5 3 NJAU 3 3 2 5 3 3 - 4* HZAU 5 5 3* 3 4 4 NAFU Cited from: Liu Zhimin. Probe into Agro-Forestry Institute’s Disciplinary Development via National First Level Discipline Appraisal, China Agricultural Education 〔J〕,2009(2):7-10. 6

  7. 3. Disciplinary Structuring in China’s Key Agricultural & Forestry Universities Table 4. Top 45 University Discipline Ranking among the Number of Top 5 Ranked Discipline Number of Top 5 Ranked Disciplines Number of Top 5 Ranked Disciplines Ranking University Name Ranking University Name 1 Beijing University 31 2 Tsinghua University 26 Harbin Institute of Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology 14 8 3 Zhejiang University 22 Fudan University Nanjing University 4 16 Xi’an Jiaotong University Nankai University Tianjin University Tongji University Huazhong Agro-University 6 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 13 16 7 7 Renmin University of China 11 University of Science and Technology of China Wuhan University Sun Yat-Sen University Beihang University National University of Defense Technology China University of Geo-science Northwest Agro-Forestry University 8 10 21 6 Beijing Normal University Sichuan University China Agro-University Nanjing Agro-University 10 9 7

  8. 3. Disciplinary Structuring in China’s Key Agricultural & Forestry Universities 3)Development Orientation: multi-disciplinary / comprehensive university.  Table 5. Development Orientations of the Top 6 Agro-forestry Universities University Development Orientation Resort the strengthens built up in agricultural science and life science to develop science, engineering, arts, law, economics, management and other disciplines CAU Continue to sharpen the edges of forestry, biology, forestry engineering while try to bring up coordinated developments in agricultural science, science, engineering, management, economics, arts, law and philosophy. BJFU Resort to the strengths of forestry discipline to sharpen the edges in forestry biology and bring up coordinated developments in agricultural science, science, engineering, economics, management, arts, law and medicine NEFU Continue to sharpen the edges of agricultural science and life science， bring up coordinated developments in agricultural science, science, economics, management, engineering, arts and law ，while try to NJAU Resort to the strengths of agricultural science to sharpen the edges in life science and bring up coordinated developments in agricultural science, science, engineering, arts, law, economics and management HZAU Resort to the strengths of agricultural science, forestry and aquaculture to bring up coordinated developments in agricultural science, science, engineering, economics, management and law 8 NAFU

  9. 4. Essential Attributes and Growth Pattern of University Disciplines 1) University Discipline Setup Needs to Respect the Law of Knowledge System while Observe Demand from the Society.  2) University disciplines are stable in categorization, rotationally symmetric in layout and systematically unstable if the symmetric elements are absent.  3) Observing Gresham's Law in Disciplinary Development to Prevent “Bad money drives out the good one”.  4) Cost differentiation in disciplinary construction requires ambitions made within allowance.  9

  10. 5. Modern Agriculture on Disciplinary Development of Agro- forestry Institutes 1) Modern Agriculture Necessitates Comprehensive Disciplinary Configuration in Agro-forestry Universities.  2) Modern Agriculture Requests Agro-forestry Universities to Consolidate Their Flagship Discipline Clusters.  5.3 Modern Agriculture Requests Supporting Disciplinary Clusters in Agro- forestry Universities.  10

  11. 6. Foreseeable Boundaries of Disciplinary Expansion in Key Agro- forestry Universities Law/Philosophy/Literature Medicine Economics Philosophy of Science/Rural Sociology /Foreign Studies/Law of Environmental and Resource Protection Traditional Chinese Medicine Applied Economics Science Boundaries of Discipline Management MPA/MBA/Ma nagement Science and Engineering /Knowledge Management and Archive Management Science &Civilization, General Science i.e. Geography, Chemistry, Mathematics) Agro-forestry Economic Management Agriculture (Agronomy) （ （land management） ） Biology Ocean Science/Geology Food Science & Engineering Agricultural Engineering Forestry Engineering Environmental Science and Engineering Architecture/ hydra engineering /transportation engineering/light industrial tech & engineering/computer science & technology/mechanics engineering Core Discipline Engineering Fig 2. “Center Radiation” of Disciplinary Derivation and Development in Agro- forestry Universities 11

  12. Thank You! Welcome to China ! One Gate of NJAU 12

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