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Understanding Death Rays: Refraction, Lenses, and Optical Instruments

Learn about refraction at spherical surfaces, properties of images formed by lenses, and the use of lens combinations in optical instruments. Includes ray diagrams and helpful resources.

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Understanding Death Rays: Refraction, Lenses, and Optical Instruments

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  1. Today’s agenda: Death Rays. You must know when to run from Death Rays. Refraction at Spherical Surfaces. You must be able to calculate properties of images formed by refraction at spherical surfaces. Thin Lenses: Concave and Convex Lenses, Ray Diagrams, Solving the Lens Equation. You must understand the differences between these two kinds of lenses, be able to draw ray diagrams for both kinds of lenses, and be able to solve the lens equation for both kinds of lenses. Lens Combinations, Optical Instruments. You should be aware of this useful information, which will not be presented in lecture.

  2. Ray Diagrams for Converging Lenses Ray 1 is parallel to the axis and refracts through F. Ray 2 passes through F’ before refracting parallel to the axis. Ray 3 passes straight through the center of the lens. I F’ F O The image is real and inverted. In this case, it is larger than the object.

  3. Ray Diagrams for Diverging Lenses Ray 1 is parallel to the axis and refracts as if from F. Ray 2 heads towards F’ before refracting parallel to the axis. Ray 3 passes straight through the center of the lens. F I F’ O The image is virtual and upright. It is smaller than the object.

  4. Converging and Diverging Lenses The image formed by a converging lens may be real, inverted, and either smaller or larger than the object. It may also be virtual, upright, and larger than the object. See this web page. The image formed by a diverging lens is always virtual, upright, and smaller than the object. See the same web page. Do these lens properties remind you of anything else you’ve studied recently? http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=48.0

  5. Handy quick reference card from Dr. Hale: http://web.mst.edu/~hale/courses/Physics24/Quick.Reference.Cards/mirror.lens.table.pdf

  6. Homework Hint If Problem 34.32 is assigned: the image is 80 times larger than the object. The object is very close to the lens compared to the image. A ray diagram will be difficult to draw! Do your best; maybe just make a diagram suggesting how the rays converge “far” from the lens. Lens combination problem: suggested as a Final Exam problem last spring. See what you think of it.

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