1 / 48

World Religions

World Religions. Traditions and Belief. Western Religions. The kingdom of God is within you and all around you. It is not within buildings of wood or stone. Split a piece of wood and you will find me. Look beneath a stone and I am there. Western Religions. Movie Stigmata.

mckenzie-alvarado
Download Presentation

World Religions

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. World Religions Traditions and Belief

  2. Western Religions The kingdom of God is within you and all around you. It is not within buildings of wood or stone. Split a piece of wood and you will find me. Look beneath a stone and I am there.

  3. Western Religions • Movie Stigmata

  4. Western Religions • Judaism • Where did Judaism roots come from? • Zoroastrianism • Founded in Persia about 500 B.C.E. • Founder-Zoroaster (Priest) • Based on scripture-Avestas • Zoroaster said that people should only worship one god-Ahura Mazda “The wise lord” • Ahura Mazda was the god of goodness and light and would defeat Ahriman the god of darkness and all of Ahriman’s followers would be cast into hell.

  5. Western Religions • Judaism • Emerged in the Middle East between 2000 and 1850 B.C.E. • It is considered the world’s first monotheistic faith • Founder-Abraham • Abraham entered a covenant with YHWH (Yahweh or Jehovah) and in exchange for religious allegiance Yahweh would make the Hebrews (Jews) his “Chosen People” • Yahweh lead Abraham and Hebrews to Canaan (Israel) the “Promised Land”

  6. Western Religions • Judaism • The Hebrews lived in Canaan until 1700 B.C.E. • During a time of famine they moved to Egypt were they were sold into slavery • Around 1300 to 1200 B.C.E. the prophet Moses lead the Hebrews out of Egypt • The exodus is known as Passover • The Hebrews returned to Canaan • During the exodus Moses was given the Laws of God or the ten Commandments • Moses is also believed to have authored the first five books of scripture known as the Torah

  7. Western Religions • Judaism • Once back in Canaan the Hebrew Kings, David and Solomon united the Kingdom of Israel • The capital of Jerusalem was constructed. • Israel became prosperous and was the crossroads of trade in the Middle East • After the death of Solomon the Kingdom was split into Judah and Israel • Israel was then invaded several times and defeated. However the Hebrews held onto their religion

  8. Western Religions • Judaism • Many Jews believed that a Messiah would come to save Israel • Some saw Jesus of Nazareth as this Messiah • During the Jewish Wars of 70 to 73 C.E. the Romans ended the Jewish state of Israel, destroyed the Jewish temples, and exiled the Jews from their homeland (Diaspora) • Many Jews moved to Europe, Asia, parts of the Middle East. • The Diaspora lasted until 1948 when Israel became a nation state again

  9. Western Religions • Judaism • Beliefs • One God • Strict code of conduct outlined in the Talmud • Based on ethics • Eye for and eye, tooth for a tooth • Dietary restrictions-Kosher • Women were respected in the home but society is male dominated

  10. Christianity

  11. Western Religions • Christianity • Christianity is the child of Judaism • Both faiths are intermingled • Old Testament (Judaism and the Bible) • Abraham the founder of both religions • The same prophets • However • Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the Messiah • This has caused problems between Christians and Jews and has even lead to Anti-Semitic behavior by Christians towards Jews.

  12. Western Religions • Christianity • Beliefs • Jesus of Nazareth is the founder • Founded around 4 B.C.E. to 29 C.E. • All of Jesus’ teachings are outlined in the Holy Gospels-New Testament • Jesus was a Jew and a practicing Jew

  13. Western Religions • Christianity • The Split between Jews and Christians • Jesus maintained that he wanted to uphold the Jewish laws, but that they also needed some reforming. • Jesus taught that sincere belief meant more to God then rituals, customs, and following laws.

  14. Christianity • Charity, compassion and love. • Golden Rule • Do unto others as you would have them do unto you • Sermon on the Mount • Blessed are the poor for they shall inherit the earth.

  15. Christianity • Jesus • Claimed to be the Messiah • Jesus preached of a heavenly kingdom • Those who followed the “Son of God” would be saved and be united in the Kingdom of Heaven

  16. Christianity • Jesus • His teachings were popular among the common people. • His teachings and title “King of the Jews” made the Romans see Jesus as a troublemaker • His teachings scared and angered the Jews

  17. Christianity • When Jesus went to preach in Jerusalem over Passover • He was charged with blasphemy by Jewish authorities • Arrested by Pilate who wanted to keep peace among his Jewish population • Placed on trial and found guilty • Crucified

  18. Christianity • The Early Church • Preaching of Resurrection • Christianity was carried on by the disciples • Peter becomes the first Pope • The Four Gospels • Matthew, Mark, Luke and John • Belief in the “Second coming of Christ” • Day of Judgment • Establishment of the Kingdom of Heaven

  19. Christianity • Early Christianity • Had many obstacles • Small number of followers • Made illegal by the Romans • Still thought of as a part of the Jewish Religion • Reasons for growth • Removal of the observation of Jewish law • Made it easier to convert Non-Jews such as Greeks, Romans and those in the Middle East • Appealed to slaves, poor, women, • Persecution of Christians strengthened the religion (martyrs)

  20. Christianity • Legalization • 313 C.E. Edict of Milan • Emperor Constantine gives Christianity a legal status in the Roman Empire. • 380 C.E. • Christianity becomes the legal faith of the Roman Empire • 392 C.E. • Rome’s only legal faith

  21. Christianity • The formal Christian Church • Development of a hierarchy • Pope, bishops, priest • Only men could serve the church • Established a Dogma (Set of Beliefs not written in the Bible) • Nature of Christ • Both fully human and fully divine • Trinity • God has three forms-God the Father, Jesus Christ the Son, and the Holy Spirit • The Bible • Old Testament and the Gospels

  22. Christianity • Class Question • Women were very important in the development of the early Christian church many women even served as priest and bishops. • Why do you think that once the church was legitimate that it excluded women?

  23. Christianity • Beliefs and People • Nicene Creed • Declaration of Christian beliefs • Church Fathers • St. Jerome • Latin translation of the Bible • St. Augustine • Book the City of God becomes the foundation for further development of the Christian Church

  24. Christianity • Fall of the Roman Empire • Asia Minor, Africa, Middle East all become areas of Christian influence • Antioch, Alexandria, Constantinople all become major cities of Christian influence • With the fall of Rome comes confusion of the where the seat of Christian Church belongs.

  25. Christianity • Further problems • While all called themselves Christians the Catholic church was divided. • Because of the geographic locations churches grew apart • Eastern and Western Churches split in 1000 C.E. • The Great Schism of 1054 C.E. • break between Western Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church

  26. Western Church Roman Catholic Favored form of Christianity in western Europe During the Middle Ages becomes the most important institution in Europe Provides Europe with a sense of religious unity Politically influential Eastern Church Byzantine Empire Adopted by most Christians in the Middle East, Asia Minor and Russia Becomes a strong center for cultural and economic advancements Politically influential Christianity

  27. Islam .

  28. Islam • Islam • World’s youngest major religion • Went from a local faith to a world cultural, economic social and political influence • Monotheistic • Is linked to Judaism and Christianity in it’s beliefs and history.

  29. Islam • Islam • Starts in the Arabian Peninsula about 600 C.E. • This was mostly a backwards area of the world • Some major port cities • By 1000 C.E. Islam spread throughout the Mediterranean to Spain, along Northern Africa and to the land around India

  30. Islam • Class Question • Why do you think Islam spread so fast and so far?

  31. Islam • Founder-Mohammed • Born 570 C.E. • A well to do merchant from Mecca • Began to meditate in the mountains of Mecca at the age of 40. • Experienced a vision “Night of Power and Excellence” • Was visited by the Archangel Gabriel who delivered to Mohammed the words of Allah

  32. Islam • Founder-Mohammed • Dedicated his life to spreading the word of Allah • Began preaching to the people • In 622 C.E. he was driven out of Mecca and fled to Medina 200 miles to the north • Known as the Hegira-a key event in Islamic history • The Hegira also marks the start of the Islamic calendar

  33. Islam • Founder-Mohammed • Islam grows while in Medina • By 630 C.E. Mohammed and his followers return to Mecca • The residents of Mecca are converted to Islam • In 632 C.E. Mohammed dies

  34. Islam • Beliefs • Like Judeo-Christian beliefs Mohammed taught that there was one god-Allah. • Like Judeo-Christians believed in a afterlife in which believers go to heaven and nonbelievers go to hell. • Like Judeo-Christians believed in a judgment at the end of the world • Like Judeo-Christians believed that Abraham was the earthly father of the religion.

  35. Islam • Beliefs • Paid respect to Judeo-Christian figures • Adam, Moses, David, John the Baptist, Jesus • Instructed Muslims to respect Jews and Christians as “Peoples of the Book”

  36. Islam • Beliefs-A new way of thinking • Mohammed believed that he was the last prophet sent by Allah to reveal Allah’s word to the people. • Because of this Mohammed was the only prophet to receive the full and perfect word of Allah.

  37. Islam • Beliefs • To become a true believer one must submit to the will of Allah. • Islam means “to submit to God” • Muslim means “Servant of God” • Submission means to live by the Five pillars of Faith

  38. Islam • The Five Pillars • There is no other God but Allah and Mohammed is his prophet • Pray five times a day facing the Holy City of Mecca • Fast during Ramadan-month in which Mohammed received his vision • Alms to the poor • Pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca-Once in a lifetime

  39. Islam • Other beliefs • No alcohol or pork • No human or animal figures in artwork • Polygamy-up to four wives • Women must veil themselves in public

  40. Islam • Qur’an (Koran) • Holy book of Islam • Recitation-114 chapters • Qur’an is the direct word of Allah • Arabic is the holy language • Other books • Hadith-collection of Proverbs • Sharia-collection of laws

  41. Islam • Expansion • Expansion as we will see happened rapidly because • Military conquest • Political domination • Trade

  42. Islam • Geography • Before the death of Mohammed • Arabian Peninsula • By 700 C.E. • Most of the Middle East • Persia, Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, North Africa, parts of Spain and Italy, Eastern Europe, and Pakistan

  43. Islam • Umma-political and social community linked by a religious belief • Caliphs (successor to Mohammed) • Religious and political leader. • First Caliph was Abu Bakr-Mohammed’s father-in-law

  44. Islam • Military Conquest • The first three Caliphs (successor to Mohammed) • Abu Bakr • Umar (Omar) • Uthman • Were responsible to break out of Arabia and spread Islam • By the 600’s the territory taken by the Muslims was ruled over by two Islamic estates

  45. Islam Umayyad Caliphate 661-750 Damascus Abbasid Caliphate 750-1258 Baghdad

  46. Islam • Abbasid Caliphate • Became the Golden Age of Islamic culture between 750-1050 C.E.

  47. Islam • Splits in Islam • Many disputed who should become a Caliphate • Lead to civil wars • Mohammed’s son-in-law (Ali) and Mohammed’s wife (Aisha) • In 661 C.E. Muawiyah established himself as caliph of the Umayyad • Muslims who accepted Muawiyah called themselves Sunni Muslims “People of Tradition and Community” • 80 percent of Muslims are Sunni • Those who followed Ali formed their own denomination and called themselves Shiites “Party of Ali”-Shiites believe that they are the rightful successors to Mohammed and Sunni’s are usurpers.

  48. Islam • Holy Places • Jerusalem • Mohammed ascended to Heaven from Jerusalem • Mecca • Holiest site-Mohammed’s birthplace • Home to Kaaba • Site of pilgrimage • Medina • Site of Mohammed’s flight-Hegira

More Related