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Circulatory System

Circulatory System. Explain the structure of the heart 8.01 Analyze the function of the heart 8.02 Analyze the circulation of the blood. 8.03. Functions of the heart. Pump to circulate blood to all parts of the body. Blood transport system around body

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Circulatory System

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  1. Circulatory System Explain the structure of the heart 8.01 Analyze the function of the heart 8.02 Analyze the circulation of the blood. 8.03

  2. Functions of the heart • Pump to circulate blood to all parts of the body. • Blood transport system around body • Carries O2 and nutrients to cells, carries away waste products. • Lymph system – returns excess tissue fluid to general circulation

  3. Components of the Circulatory System • Heart • Arteries • Veins • Capillaries • Blood and lymph are part of circulatory system

  4. Major Blood Circuits • General (systemic) circulation • Cardiopulmonary circulation

  5. The Heart • Muscular organ • Size of a closed fist • Weighs 12-13 oz • Location – thoracic cavity • Apex – conical tip, lies on diaphragm, points left • Stethoscope instrument used to hear the heartbeat Heart sound is lub dub.

  6. The Heart • Hollow, muscular, double pump that circulates blood. • At rest = 2 oz. blood with each beat, 5 qts./min., 75 gallons/hour. • Average= 72 beats per minute. • 100,000 beats/day

  7. The Heart cont. • Pericardium double layer of fibrous tissue that surrounds the heart • Myocardium cardiac muscle tissue • Endocardium smooth inner lining of heart • Septum partition (wall) that separates right half from left half.

  8. The Heart cont. • Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava bring deoxygenated blood to the right atrium • Pulmonary artery takes blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs for O2 . • Pulmonary veins bring oxygenated blood from the lungs to left atrium • Aorta takes blood away from left ventricle to rest of body.

  9. Chambers and Valves • Septum divides into right and left halves • Upper chambers Right atrium and Left atrium • Lower chambers right ventricle and left ventricle, the left ventricle wall is 3x as thick as the right ventricle wall and forms the apex of the heart. • Four heart valves permit flow of blood in one direction

  10. Valves • Tricuspid valve between right atrium and right ventricle • Bicuspid (mitral) valve between left atrium and left ventricle • Semilunar valves are located where blood leaves the heart • Pulmonary semilunar valve and • Aortic semilunar valve.

  11. Blood and oxygen supply to the heart is from the coronary arteries.

  12. Right Heart Deoxygenated blood flows into heart from vena cavart. atriumtricuspid valve rt. ventricle pulmonary semilunar valve  pulmonary artery lungs (for O2 ) Left Heart Oxygenated blood flows from lungs via pulmonary veins lt. atrium mitral valve left ventricle aortic semilunar valve aorta general circulation (to deliver O2 ) Physiology of the Heart the heart is a double pump. When the heart beats…..

  13. Control of Heart Contractions SA (sinoatrial) node is the pacemaker of the heart. • Located in the right atrium of the heart. • SA node sends out electrical impulse • Impulse spreads over the atria, making them contract • The impulse then travels to the AV node

  14. AV (atrioventricular) Node • Conducting cell group between atria and ventricle • Carries impulse to bundle of His

  15. Bundle of His Conducting fibers in the septum Divides into R and L branches to network of branches in ventricles (Purkinje fibers) Purkinje Fibers Impulse shoots along Purkinje fibers causing the ventricles to contract.

  16. Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) • Device used to record the electrical activity of the heart • Systole=contraction phase • Diastole= relaxation phase • P=atrial contraction • QRS=ventricular contraction • T=ventricular relaxation • Holter monitor=24hr. EKG

  17. Interpretation of EKG •  P wave=enlarged atrium or stenosed AV valve. •  Q wave= Myocardial infarction •  R wave= Enlarged ventricles •  T wave = K+ level too high

  18. Circulation and Blood Vessels

  19. Systemic Circulation • Aorta largest artery in the body • First branch is coronary artery • Aortic arch • Many arteries branch off the descending aorta

  20. Arteries • Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries • Elastic, muscular and thick-walled • Transport blood under very high pressure.

  21. Capillaries • Smallest blood vessels, can only be seen with a microscope • Connect arterioles with venules • Walls are one-cell thick and extremely thin-allow for selective permeability of nutrients, oxygen, CO2 and metabolic wastes

  22. Veins • Carry deoxygenated blood away from capillaries to the heart • Veins contain a muscular layer, but less elastic and muscular than arteries • Thin walled veins collapse easily when not filled with blood • Valves permit flow of blood only in direction of the heart • Jugular vein- located in the neck

  23. Blood Pressure- is thesurge of blood when the heart pumps creating pressure against the walls of the arteries.

  24. Pulse alternating expansion and contraction of an artery as blood flows through it. Pulse sites • Temporal • External maxillary • Carotid • Brachial • Radial • Femoral • Popliteal • Posterior Tibial • Pedal

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