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MAZHAR ABBAS 2004-ag-1536 7 TH Agronomy University Of Agriculture Faisalabad

MAZHAR ABBAS 2004-ag-1536 7 TH Agronomy University Of Agriculture Faisalabad. Salt Affected Soils. Salt Affected Soils. Salt affected is a collective term which includes saline,sodic and saline sodic soils.

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MAZHAR ABBAS 2004-ag-1536 7 TH Agronomy University Of Agriculture Faisalabad

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  1. MAZHAR ABBAS2004-ag-15367TH AgronomyUniversity Of AgricultureFaisalabad

  2. Salt Affected Soils

  3. Salt Affected Soils • Salt affected is a collective term which includes saline,sodic and saline sodic soils. • Salt affected soils occur commonly in arid and semi arid regions where annual precipitation is less than evapotranspiration. • Soil affected soils also occur in sub humid and humid regions under condition conducive to their development.

  4. Soil Salinity Classification (WASID) • Non Saline Soil 0.0 – 0.2% Soluble salts • Slightly Saline Soil 0.2 – 0.5% Soluble salts • Moderately Saline 0.5 – 1% Soluble salts Soil • Strongly Saline Soil > 1% Soluble salts

  5. Classification Of Salt Affected Soils • Classification is based on • ESP (Exchangeable Sodium Percentage) • SAR (Sodium Adsorption Ratio) • EC (Electrical Conductance) • pH

  6. Saline Soils • Types of salts • Neutral soluble salts: chlorides and sulphates of calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium (calcium and magnesium dominant) • Excess of TSS • EC >=4.00 dS/m At 25 oC • ESP <15 • pH <8.5 • SAR <15

  7. Plant growth is generally restricted by poor infiltration, stability and aeration of the soil. Usually, evaporation causes the formation of a white crust on the soil surface, known as white alkali, the name previously given to saline soils. Characteristics

  8. Sodic soils • Types of salts • Low concentration of neutral soluble salts, high concentration of sodium ions • ESP > =15 • EC < 4 dSm-1 • SAR >=15 • pH ranges b/w 8.5 -10

  9. Characteristics • This type of soil is the most affected and degraded by salinization. Soil particles are dispersed and soil pores become blocked. This worsens with depth. The reduced porosity leads to low permeability. The infiltration rate is reduced in such a way that water tends to form puddles. This type of soil is said to be waterlogged.

  10. Saline Sodic Soils • Types of Salts • High concentration of neutral soluble salts and sodium ions • ESP >=15 • EC >=4 dSm-1 • SAR >=15 • Ph depends on dominance of either TSS or Na salt

  11. Characteristics • Plant growth in this type of soil can be affected by both excess soluble salts and excess sodium. Saline-sodic soils have characteristics between those of saline soils and sodic soils. If the soluble salts are leached out, and in particular if the ESP of the leaching water is high, the salinity level decreases, but ESP increases, transforming them into sodic soils.

  12. Calcarious soils • If there is excess of calcium salts

  13. Salt Tolerant Crops • Low salt tolerant crops • Beans • Mung • Gram • Pea • Alfalfa • Oranges • Grape fruit • Strawberry

  14. Moderate Salt Tolerant Crops • Rye • Wheat • Barley • Paddy • Maize • Tomato • Cabbage • Potato • Radish • Carrots • onion

  15. High Salt Tolerant Crops • Sugar beet • Tobacco • Turnip • Cotton • Palm • Carrot

  16. THANKS

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