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MadGraph + MadEvent. +. Automated Tree-Level Feynman Diagram, Helicity Amplitude, and Event Generation. Tim Stelzer Fabio Maltoni. Exciting Time. Data from Tevatron now! Gain experience with real data and analysis now. Data from LHC soon!
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MadGraph + MadEvent + Automated Tree-Level Feynman Diagram, Helicity Amplitude, and Event Generation Tim Stelzer Fabio Maltoni
Exciting Time • Data from Tevatron now! • Gain experience with real data and analysis now. • Data from LHC soon! • Develop tools/skills necessary to get most out of LHC data when it comes on line • You will be doing the analysis for the next great discoveries! • Strong links between theory and experiment will be essential 10
Outline • Goal: Improve MadGraph/MadEvent • Only 1 thing more useful • Introduction • Signal pp > h > tt~ bb~ • Generating/Checking Processes • Calculating/Checking Cross Sections • Plotting/Analyzing Events • Running on your machines • Decaying Particles • Backgrounds pp> tt~bb~ • Remarks 13
Standard Model News • Good News! • Every prediction is correct! • Bad News :( • Limited ability to “solve” • QCD is problem! • Miracle that can predict so much Standard Model 15
Parton Distribution Functions (Measured) Evolution+Splitting Hard Scattering Showering Fragmentation Hadronization e+ e- 18
Factorization • Key Idea • Result = PDF * Evolution * hard_scatter *showering * hadronization • Each piece is “independent” • Really? • Soft gluons have “long” wavelength, basically can’t “see” hard scattering • Uncertainty • PDF • Factorization Scale • Renormalization Scale • Showering Scales 21
HERWIG + PYTHIA • Contain everything for many processes • Higher energy collisions require new “Hard” processes • Large amount of time/talent devoted to event generation---Need to streamline! 25
Options • Prepackaged event generators • Fixed number of processes implemented • Usually well tested and packaged • Alpgen---Tree Level • MC@NLO --- One Loop • Create your own generator • “Any” process of interest • CompHEP --- trace • MadGraph/MadEvent --- Helicity Amplitude 28
Big Picture • User Requests: • pp -> e+ ve jjj • QCD Order = 3 • QED Order =2 • MadGraph/MadEvent Returns: • List all contributing sub processes • Feynman diagrams for each sub process • Self-Contained Fortran Package • Integrates cross section • Generates unit-weighted events • Les Houches / HERWIG ready Show Demo 33
Steps • Generate Subprocesses/Diagrams • Calculate Benchmark Cross Section • Download to your machine • Events • Event Generator • Perform Analysis 35
Activity 1:Generate pp > h >ttbb~ Generate Process Benchmark Cross section Download Analysis • Predict subprocess/diagrams • e.g. uu~ > bb~ tt~ • Open http://madgraph.hep.uiuc.edu/ • Sign up for account • Username: madgraph • Password: guest • Generate Process • pp > h > ttbb~ QED=2 QCD=2 • Verify Subprocesses and Diagrams 45
Activity 2Cross Section + Plots Generate Process Benchmark Cross section Download Analysis • Results and Event Database • Check Cross Section • Download events.dat • Plot events on your machine 6 1 0.3921316E-04 0.9118800E+02 0.7546772E-02 0.1270000E+00 -2 2 6 -6 5 -5 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 502 502 0 503 0 501 0 0 501 0 503 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 0.25012024368E+02 0.00000000000E+00 0.00000000000E+00 0.25012024368E+02 2 0.47489237575E+04 0.00000000000E+00 0.00000000000E+00 -0.47489237575E+04 3 0.32457365210E+04 0.35739564193E+02 -0.83428604245E+02 -0.32397820027E+04 4 0.57267081534E+03 -0.25236886174E+02 0.96458748768E+02 -0.53631164644E+03 5 0.54994426015E+03 0.31023829244E+02 -0.53539395070E+02 -0.54643174731E+03 6 0.40558418542E+03 -0.41526507264E+02 0.40509250547E+02 -0.40138633668E+03 05
Generating Events Generate Process Benchmark Cross section Download Estimate Uncertainty Analysis • MadEvent “Automatically” Integrates cross sections and generates unweighted events. • Understanding how, can provide important information. • A mini lesson on Monte Carlo 13
Monte Carlo Integration • Advantages • Large numbers of dimensions • Complicated cuts • ONLY OPTION • Event generation • Limitations • Only works for function f(x) ≈ 1 16
Example:u ve -> g u ve • For strong cuts, |a1+a2|2 ≈ 1 (Pt > 90, DR > 1.0) 18
Adaptive M.C. (VEGAS) • Advantages • Grid adjusts to numerically flatten peaks • Flexible • Limitations • Adjusting grid takes time • Peaks must lie on integration variable 22
Multi-Channel M.C. • Advantages • Allows for more complicated peaks • NEXTCALIBUR, WHIZARD • Limitations • Need to calculate all gi values for each point. (slow) • Each phase space channel must be invertible • N coupled equations for a so only works for small number of channels. 25
Single Diagram EnhancedMadEvent • Key Idea • Any single diagram is “easy” to integrate • Divide integration into pieces, based on diagrams • Get N independent integrals • Errors add in quadrature so no extra cost • No need to calculate “weight” function from other channels. • Can optimize # of points for each one independently • Parallel in nature • What about interference? • Never creates “new” peaks, so we’re OK 30
SDE Integration • It works! • Interference is included • Looking at diagrams contributions • Gives information about distributions • Gives checks on integration (symmetry) 37
Activity 3 Run Check using SDE Generate Process Benchmark Cross section Download Analysis • Check Cross Section Details • (10 minutes) • Show example • Keep going…. 47
Running at Home • Web Interface Provides • Intuitive Interface ? • Subprocesses and Diagrams • Basic results and events • Download Process to • Customized cuts • Large/Optimized runs • Own the code! • Portability 50
Activity 4:Run on your machine Generate Process Benchmark Cross section Download Analysis • Download the source code • madevent.tar.gz • Edit important files • Source/setparam.f • Collider, Scale and PDF information • SubProcesses/run_cuts.dat • Standard cuts • Generate events • bin/generate_events 5000 0 • Or use bin/survey and bin/refine Work/Break start again at 4:30
Estimating Uncertainty Generate Process Benchmark Cross section Download Analysis • Sources • PDF • Factorization Scale • Hard-Scattering (loops) • as (renormalization scale) NOT 0.965!! 38
Decay_Events Generate Process Benchmark Cross section Download Analysis • MadEvent has decay utility • Includes spin information • Keeps correct cross section • Includes LesHouches info for passing to HERWIG/Pythia** 44
Activity 5: Decay top • Decay t -> bjj • What is cross section • Plot jj mass • Decay t~ > b~ lv • What is cross section • Plot lv mass 58
Backgrounds • “Backgrounds are measured not calculated…..” Tony Liss • Assignment: Write down some backgrounds for ttH. 01
Activity 6: Backgrounds • Predict Subprocesses/diagrams • Generate Diagrams • Check results • Download Events • Determine cross section • 90 < mbb < 150 20
MadEvent Summary • Advantages • Can handle “any” problem • Web interface is convenient/fast • Expandable to MSSM (out this year) • Many Checks • Works for Theorists and Experimentalists • Limitations • W+5 jets (7,000 diagrams w/ hundreds subprocesses) • No loops (yet…) 25
Background pp>tt~bb~ QED • Generate Diagrams • Pp > tt~bb~ /h tells it not to allow Higgs • Check results • dd~ = d~d • uu~ = u~u <> dd~ • gg • Plots (find Z peak)
Status • http://madgraph.physics.uiuc.edu • 500 MHz Pentium w/ 40 Gigabyte disk • Creates Event Generators to download • Lots of “hits” on cite • FNAL, CERN, DESY, U.W., U. Chicago….. • CDF use • W/Z + jets analysis • Photon + jets analysis • Virtual Collider • Future looks promising!
Vision • Add Web based Integration • User inputs cuts/parameters • Code runs in parallel on cpu farm • Returns cross section and events • Advantages • Reduces overhead to getting results • Reduce computing cost by load leveling • Events can easily be shared/stored • Centralize maintenance • Source Code will ALWAYS be Available
To Do: • Add Computers • Add MSSM to MadGraph II • Improve Speed • Phase Space Grid Guess • Helicity Sums • Color Sums • Add Factorization • 10 jet production
Signal pp>h>tt~bb~ Generate Process Benchmark Cross section Download Estimate Uncertainty Analysis • http://madgraph.hep.uiuc.edu/ • Process= pp > h > tt~ bb~ • QCD = 2 QED = 2 • Username = yeti • Password = yeti
Signal pp>h>tt~bb~ Generate Process Benchmark Cross section Download Estimate Uncertainty Analysis • Generation • setcuts.f (run_cuts.dat) • Et, DR, Mij • setparams.f • PDF, Scales, Collider • Analysis • plot_events.f • Easy secondary cuts • Decay • Decay unstable particles in events.dat
Activity 4: Download and Run Event Generator Generate Process Benchmark Cross section Download Analysis • Download Code madevent.tar.gz csh> mkdir pp_h_ttbb csh > cd pp_h_ttbb csh > mv ../madevent.tar.gz . csh> gunzip madevent.tar.gz csh> tar –xvf madevent.tar csh> emacs SubProcesses/run_cuts.dat csh> emacs Source/setparam.f csh> bin/generate_events
Background • Download events • Select cuts to improve Signal/Background • 90 < Mbb < 150 • emacs Source/plot_events.f
Ideas From Tony • Technical How to run • Parameters • Uncertainties pdf, systematic etc • Limitations/assumptions • Backgrounds don’t come from MC come from Data • Built tools, not analysis • Join CDF • Matrix Element and Shower+Matching • Different generators, LO vs NLO