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Section 3.3. Mixtures of Matter. Objectives. Contrast mixtures and substances Classify mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous List and describe several techniques used to separate mixtures. Composition of Matter. Mixtures.
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Section 3.3 Mixtures of Matter
Objectives Contrast mixtures and substances Classify mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous List and describe several techniques used to separate mixtures
Mixtures • Combination of two or more pure substances in which the pure substances retain their chemical properties
Examples Salt and water • Sand and water
Heterogeneous Mixtures • Does not blend smoothly throughout it • Individual components remain in distinct areas • No uniform distribution of components
Homogeneous Mixture • Constant composition throughout • Single phase • Also referred to as a solution • Can be solid, liquid, or gas
Separating Mixtures • Reverse of mixing • Since each component of a mixture retains chemical composition… Chemists developed various separation methods
Filtration • Solid from liquid separation • Uses porous medium • Ex: Filter paper
Distillation • Homogenous mixture separation • Ability of components to form gases • Ex: Salt water Salt + Water
Crystallization • Used when a solution contains maximum amount of dissolved substance • Add a little more and pure solid particles are produced
Chromatography • “Writing of Colors” • Separation by differing abilities of substances to adhere to various surface solids • Paper, starch • Ex: ink separation by paper chromatography