1 / 21

- 2010- 3D Structures of Biological Macromolecules Point Group Determination for Molecules

- 2010- 3D Structures of Biological Macromolecules Point Group Determination for Molecules . Jürgen Sühnel jsuehnel@fli-leibniz.de. Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena Centre for Bioinformatics Jena / Germany.

meadow
Download Presentation

- 2010- 3D Structures of Biological Macromolecules Point Group Determination for Molecules

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. -2010- 3D Structuresof Biological Macromolecules Point Group Determination for Molecules Jürgen Sühnel jsuehnel@fli-leibniz.de Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena Centre for Bioinformatics Jena / Germany Supplementary Material: www.fli-leibniz.de/www_bioc/3D/

  2. Symmetry Elements and Operations • The symmetry of a molecule can be described by 5 types of symmetry elements. • Symmetry axis: an axis around which a rotation by results in a molecule indistinguishable from the original. This is also called an n-fold rotational axis and abbreviated Cn. Examples are the C2 in water and the C3 in ammonia. A molecule can have more than one symmetry axis; the one with the highest n is called the principal axis, and by convention is assigned the z-axis in a Cartesian coordinate system. • Plane of symmetry: a plane of reflection through which an identical copy of the original molecule is given. This is also called a mirror plane and abbreviated σ. Water has two of them: one in the plane of the molecule itself and one perpendicular to it. A symmetry plane parallel with the principal axis is dubbed vertical (σv) and one perpendicular to it horizontal (σh). A third type of symmetry plane exists: if a vertical symmetry plane additionally bisects the angle between two 2-fold rotation axes perpendicular to the principal axis, the plane is dubbed dihedral (σd). A symmetry plane can also be identified by its Cartesian orientation, e.g., (xz) or (yz). • Center of symmetry or inversion center, abbreviated i. A molecule has a center of symmetry when, for any atom in the molecule, an identical atom exists diametrically opposite this center an equal distance from it. There may or may not be an atom at the center. Examples are xenon tetrafluoride (XeF4) where the inversion center is at the Xe atom, and benzene (C6H6) where the inversion center is at the center of the ring. • Rotation-reflection axis: an axis around which a rotation by  , followed by a reflection in a plane perpendicular to it, leaves the molecule unchanged. Also called an n-fold improper rotation axis, it is abbreviated Sn, with n necessarily even. Examples are present in tetrahedral silicon tetrafluoride, with three S4 axes, and the staggered conformation of ethane with one S6 axis. • Identity, abbreviated to E, from the German 'Einheit' meaning Unity.This symmetry element simply consists of no change: every molecule has this element. While this element seems physically trivial, its consideration is necessary for the group-theoretical machinery to work properly. It is so called because it is analogous to multiplying by one (unity).

  3. Point Group Determination of the Water Molecule

  4. Naming Point Groups D4h D3d

  5. Naming Point Groups D4d D4h mirror

  6. Naming Point Groups – Platonic Solids

  7. Point Group Determination of Molecules

  8. Point Group Determination of Molecules

  9. Point Group Determination of Molecules

  10. Point Group Determination: CO2

  11. Point Group Determination: Other Linear Molecules

  12. Point Group Determination: The CsPoint Group

  13. Point Group Determination: The C1Point Group C1

  14. Point Group Determination: The DnPoint Groups

  15. Point Group Determination: Comparison of C3 and D3tris(chelates) D3 C3

  16. Point Group Determination: Examples of Molecules Belonging to DnhPoint Groups D2h D3h D4h D4h D4h D4h D5h D5h

  17. Point Group Determination: Benzene an Example of the D6h Point Group

  18. Point Group Determination: [K(18-crown-6)]+, an Example of a D3d Point Group The complex cation [K(18-crown-6)] is an important structure that has D3d symmetry. It has a C3principal axis with 3 C2axes at right angles to it, as well as three svmirror planes that contain the C3 axis, but no shmirror plane (because it is not flat, as seen at the center), so it is D3d.

  19. Point Group Determination: The D4d Point Group The [ZrF8]4- anion has a square anti-prismatic structure. At left is seen the C4 principal axis. It has four C2axes at right angles to it, so it has D4symmetry. One C2axisis shown side-on (center). There are four sv mirror planes (right), but no mirror plane at right angles to C4, so the point group does not rate an h, and is D4d.

  20. Point Group Determination: Molecules Belonging to Dnd Point Groups D3d D5

  21. Point Group Determination: Some Point Groups

More Related