4 G Networks

1. Aditya Kowtha 4G Networks

2. Recap Of All The ‘G’s’ • 0G : First signs of Wireless Telephony Technology in play • 1G : Almost all systems of this generation were analog systems with voice being the most common traffic (AMPS) • 2G : Successor of 1G. Digital Cell Technology which makes use of Time Division Multiple Access (GSM) • 3G : Wide Area Cellular Telephone networks which evolved to incorporate high-speed internet access and video telephony (CDMA 2000)

4. More about 3G • It provides for transmission speeds up to 384 kbps and download speeds up to 144kbps • 3G has greater capacity and better spectrum efficiency than 2G networks • The popular 3G standards are CDMA 2000 and WCDMA • The global 3G subscriber base accounts for only 6.7% of the overall customer base • UMTS is a very popular 3G standard and is capable of operating at 2.1Ghz

5. What’s wrong with 3G?? • Cost involved in upgrading the base stations to be compatible with 3G is very high • Base stations need to be close to each other • Very high spectrum licensing costs and tremendous network deployment costs • 3G cannot support Bluetooth Based WAN networks due to bandwidth restrictions

6. Motivation for 4G before 3G has been fully deployed • 3G performance may not be sufficient to meet needs of future high-performance applications like multi-media, full-motion video, wireless teleconferencing • There are multiple standards for 3G making it difficult to roam and interoperate across networks. Global mobility and service portability are of utmost importance • Need for a digital packet network that utilizes IP in its fullest form with converged voice and data capability

7. Motivation for 4G before 3G has been fully deployed • Researchers have come up with spectrally more efficient modulation schemes that can not be retrofitted into 3G infrastructure • 3G is based on primarily a Wide-area concept. We need hybrid networks that utilize both wireless LAN (hot spot) concept and cell or base-station wide area network design • Increased need for Wider Bandwidth

8. What is 4G anyways?? • A 4G system will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be given to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, and at higher data rates than previous generations • 4G is being developed to accommodate QoS and bandwidth requirements set by forthcoming applications like wireless broadband access, MMS, Mobile TV,HDTV content etc • Ideally, 4G aims at providing a lowest bandwidth of 100 Mbps and can go up to 1 Gbps

9. Features of 4G Networks: • An “All IP” Digital Packet Switched Network • High network capacity allowing more users per cell • Smooth handoffs across heterogeneous networks • Interoperability between existing wireless standards • Seamless connectivity and Global roaming across multiple networks • A data rate of at least 100 Mbps between any two points in the world

10. Features of 4G Networks • Uses IPv6 addresses • Exceeds the coverage range of 3G networks by ten times • Enables full interactive video services

11. A focus on 4G Networks

12. Comparison of 3G and 4G Networks

13. Components of 4G Networks • Access Schemes: 4G Networks use OFDMA access schemes • IPv6: 4G will be based on packet switching only. This will require low-latency data transmission • Advanced Antenna Systems • Software Defined Radio (SDR): The goal of this design is to produce a radio that can receive and transmit a new form of radio protocol just by running new software.

14. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)

15. An All IP 4G Network Architecture

16. Challenges for 4G Networks

17. Design Considerations for 4G Networks • How to achieve the ALL IP functionality?? • How to achieve mobility and smooth handoffs?? • How to achieve Quality of Service??

18. Initial Solution to Fast Handover

19. Handover Signal Flow

20. QoS in 4G Networks • Goal: Reliable Support for End-to-End IP QoS • Challenges and Requirements: • Allocate and Control resources in the access networks • Maintain User Connectivity and QoS while user is on the move • Make security, mobility and QoS work together

21. QoS Broker Functionality:

22. Q0S Architecture

23. Active Corporate Progress in 4G Networks • Sprint Nextel announces Wi-Max as the next 4G Technology Platform in collaboration with Intel, Samsung and Motorola • A nationwide broadband wireless network servicing 100 million customers will be ready by 2008 • The 4G Mobility Network will be using Sprint’s exclusive 2.5GHz channel to deliver high quality services to customers • Verizon is also actively moving towards deployment of 4G Mobile Networks

24. What is needed to build 4G Networks of the future?? • Integration among different Network Topologies • Non disruptive Implementation and Migration • Standardization of Wireless Networks • More coordination among Spectrum Regulators • Lower Price points slightly higher than the available alternatives

25. Cons of 4G Networks • Too many current 3G standards delay migration to 4G networks • 4G networks are not backward compatible • Require advanced handsets with faster processors to handle advanced voice and video services • A lot of handover problems exist with current 3G and 2G networks

26. Conclusion • Although 4G Networks offer a lot of promise, there is a long way to go before we can experience their full potential. At this point of time, it is just an abstract potentially feasible idea which will take care of the shortcomings in the previous and current generations of Wireless Mobile Technology

27. References • http://www.4g.co.uk/PR2006/2063.htm • http://www.mobileinfo.com/3G/4GVision&Technologies.htm • http://www.ee.usyd.edu.au/~rkibria/Research.htm • http://mobilesociety.typepad.com/mobile_life/2006/12/the_daidalus_pr.html • http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=647153.716819 • http://www.techrepublic.com • http://www.wikipedia.com • http://www.google.com

28. Questions?? NO QUESTIONS ALLOWED !!!!!!! DISCUSSIONS ARE WELCOME!!!!!!!