Dr Ioannis Kotsiopoulos The University of Manchester ioannis@cs.man.ac.uk

1. An overview of Semantic Interoperability Challenges related to Resource Provisioning in  Business Grids Dr Ioannis Kotsiopoulos The University of Manchester ioannis@cs.man.ac.uk Workshop Semantic Interoperability: A Practical Approach i-ESA ‘08

2. Resource Provisioning in  Business Grids • Business Grids: today’s landscape • Service and resource providers • Desiderata • From Grid to Semantic Grid • The S-OGSA approach • SOKU • Resource and Grid Service Semantic Descriptions • Grid Resource Ontology • GRIP • Standardisation • BREIN Semantic Initiatives i-ESA ‘08 Page 3

3. Service and Resource Providers Resource Providers Amazon EC2 and S3 SUN Utility Computing Academic Centres: Barcelona Supercomputing, Manchester Northwest Grid, HLRS Service Providers Sun Grid Middleware IBM Grid: Grid Middleware and Hardware Amazon Web Services Hybrid CDO2: Delivering financial grid solutions on a compute utility service ANSYS: Engineering Simulation Software Virtual Organisations Stuttgart Airport: Resources offered by companies operating at the airport i-ESA ‘08

4. Desiderata for Service and Resource Providers Maximize Resource Usage Maximize Profit Minimize Penalties Increase Client Base Increase Automation Improve Brand Name Improve Security Create New Business Opportunities Desiderata for Clients Ease of use Greater choice Lower prices Better QoS More QoS Guarantees Desiderata for seamless resource provisioning • Common Desiderata • Flexibility • Extensibility • Performance • Scalability i-ESA ‘08 BREIN - Meeting XXX Page 5

5. So where do we need semantics? Service Providers use different vocabularies (semantic heterogeneity) for describing what they offer: Resource types Service Level Agreements Performance QoS Penalties Small Print Dynamic formation of a VO is still a very complex task Security Policies Software incompatibilities Heterogeneous platforms Heterogeneous Middleware Web Services have addressed only part of the problem Who is managing all the metadata? What do they mean? Are they still valid? i-ESA ‘08

6. Semantic Grid?…because metadata matters! Driven from the need to manage and understand the metadata Metadata concern all aspects of VO formation Describing and asserting policy Flexible and extensible schemas, transparency Can you be a member of this VO? Matching task, integration How do we set your roles so you can be? Configuration Are these set of policies mutually consistent? Configuration and verification Service Level Agreements Matching provides and expects clauses Authentication & Authorisation Reconcile diverse policies Static and dynamic VO model Intelligent decision making and operations i-ESA ‘08

7. “To realise the Next Generation Grid requires semantically rich information representation, the exploitation of knowledge, and co-ordination and orchestration that is aware of context and task” David Snelling, NextGRID, Fujitsu, GGF Ontologist i-ESA ‘08

8. OGSA: A Reference Architecture for the Grid • Characteristics • Service Based Virtualisation • Manageable Resources • Addressing • State • Lifetime • Eventing • . . . . . i-ESA ‘08

9. Semantic OGSA: A Framework for Exposing and Managing Metadata in the Grid The Reference Semantic Grid Architecture : Semantic OGSA Entities in the Semantic Grid Core Services, Spectrum of capabilities Patterns & Profiles of use, re-factoring, use-cases Model Provide Consume Expose Capabilities use Mechanisms i-ESA ‘08

10. S-OGSA Model A Resource in its own right! • Journal of Web Semantics,Vol.4, June 2006, “An overview of S-OGSA: A Reference Semantic Grid Architecture” Ó. Corcho et. al. Knowledge Service Grid Service Is-a Is-a Is-a Semantic Binding Grid Entity 1..m Knowledge Entity 1..m 0..m 0..m Is-a Is-a Is-a Grid Resource Knowledge Resource Is-a Is-a Is-a VO Ontology Rule-Base Satellite Image File A Grid Identity/Person i-ESA ‘08

11. S-OGSA Capabilities Application X Application Y Security Optimization Data OGSA Execution Management Semantic-OGSA Semantic Provisioning Services Resource management Semantic Provisioning Services Information Management Ontology Metadata Reasoning Annotation Infrastructure Services Middleware i-ESA ‘08

12. S-OGSA Mechanisms:Middleware for Managing Metadata Semantic Binding Service Suite create SB Factory create WS-Addressing: epr SB Semantic Binding SB WS-RP: Get/Set/Query Properties query Client SB WS-Notif: Subscribe / Notify RDF Inspect-props . . . WS-RL: Destroy , SetTerminationTime WS-RL ++: archive Query w/o Inference, UpdateContent query Query( over unified view) Metadata Query • Semantic Binding as a resource deployed in a WSRF compliant manner • ONTOKIT available for download i-ESA ‘08

13. SOKU Explicit Semantics! Semantically Described Semantic Aware Mixed Economy Creating an abstraction for metadata Semantic Binding Multiform metadata with introspectable properties Management interfaces for metadata “S-OGSA--OntoKit, a first SOKU implementation” ** i-ESA ‘08

14. Resource and Grid Service Semantic Descriptions Person View Person View?? Specific Application Ontology State State Specific Application Ontology Grid Service Ontology Grid Resource Ontology Functional Non-Functional Machine View Machine View Grid Service Grid Resource i-ESA ‘08

15. Grid resource ontology i-ESA ‘08

16. GLUE Unicore http://www.grid-interoperability.org/ i-ESA ‘08

17. Can Standardization help? Standardization is as crucial as creating an Ontology and can be seen as the first task of knowledge elicitation The process requires the agreement of the community Relevant approaches from OGF: Information Modeling for Computing Resources(OGSA Modeling Activities) Reference Model Working Group (RM-WG) (chaired by Paul Strong - e-Bay) OGSA Resource Selection Services WG (OGSA-RSS-WG)( Donal Fellows - UMAN/BREIN) Knowledge Engineers can encode this knowledge in order to create the appropriate ontologies The objective is to increase re-usability of software Make semantics explicit (and machine understandale) Increase interoperability between heterogeneous Grid middleware Businesses are actively involved in this process E-Bay has already encoded part (?) of the Information Model for internal resource management (Demo shown in last GGF) Software and Services Technical Group on Ontologies TG2 New wiki, mailing list, draft of White Paper i-ESA ‘08

18. BREIN Semantic Initiatives Resource Broker Dynamic Resource Provisioning Complete Outsourcing of Grid Infrastructure - Financial Grid scenario Extend capabilities during peak periods (load balancing) - ANSYS scenario Related Components using Semantic Technologies Intelligent Scheduling Semantic Annotation of Service Level Agreements (SASLA) Intelligent Negotiation using SASLA Dynamic Workflow Adaptation using Agent technologies Modeling Domain/Application Specific Resource Modeling BREIN Upper Business Grid Ontology Extension of Grid Resource Ontology i-ESA ‘08

19. Acknowledgements Thank You! Questions... Acknowledgements Carole Goble Pinar Alper Oscar Corcho OntoGrid Consortium John Brooke Donal Fellows BREIN Consortium i-ESA ‘08