Chapter Five

1. Chapter Five War and British Conquest http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/battle-of-the-plains-of-abraham

2. After this chapter you will be able to reflect on the following questions: • In what ways did conflicts between the French and the British in Europe impact North America? • How did conflicts between the French and the British in Europe become factors in the Great Deportation of the Acadians in 1755? • To what extent was the Battle of the Plains of Abraham the key event in achieving British control over North America? • What was the role and intent of Chief Pontiac in controlling British forts? • How was the Royal Proclamation of 1763 an attempt to achieve compromise between the Aboriginal peoples, the French and the British? • How did the Quebec Act of 1774 contribute to the foundations of Canada as an officially bilingual country?

3. Acadia The fight for Acadia. http://www.acadian.org/definitions.html

4. Fight for Acadia • French had lived in the area for years • Had an alliance (and many marriages) with the Mi’kmaq in regards to the land • French used the land that the Mi’kmaq didn’t • French did a fantastic job setting up digues • Which are????? • Acadia was taken over by the British because of the Treaty of Utrecht • France had lost a war against Britain • There would be copious amounts of conflict over the colonization of this area

5. Why Fight for Acadia? • Britain and France • Was a great location • Could attack each other easily • Great for protecting colonies • Great for protecting trade routes • For the Mi’kmaq • This was their homeland http://www.girouard.org/cgi-bin/page.pl?file=dikes&n=4 http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/canp1/ca05fra.shtml

6. Can’t we all just get along?! http://www.ehow.com/how_5233610_play-forts.html In Response…..

7. http://www.cmhg.gc.ca/cmh/image-104-eng.asp?page_id=109 France Builds Louisbourg

8. http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~canns/lunenburg/shiplists.htmlhttp://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~canns/lunenburg/shiplists.html Britain Responds with Halifax

9. The Great Deportation • Oath of Neutrality 1730 – Britain made the Acadians sign this • If there was a fight between the French and British, the Acadians must stay neutral • This was not good enough for the British • Oath of Allegiance 1755 – Acadians would have to fight with the British • Acadians refused to sign this • Were deported as a result • Some Acadians escaped to New France and with the Mi’kmaq • 1755-63 11000 Acadians were removed from their homes/land • Were sent to the Thirteen Colonies, England and France

10. Lived in a strategic area Had a lot in common with the French (language, religion) Had more people (2:1) No trust (mostly because of their background) Prejudice ttp://www.acadian-home.org/deportation.html Why Deport the Acadians?

11. Effects of the Deportation • People were taken away and uprooted from their lives • Mi’kmaq lost their family members, friends, allies, and land • Cajan community in the USA developed • Established themselves mostly in Louisiana • Laid the groundwork for New Brunswick to be the only officially bilingual province in Canada • Acadian pride still exists • Some feel it is a form of ethnic cleansing

12. http://www.sodahead.com/fun/first-it-was-sars-then-bird-flu-but-what-are-we-to-do-about-the-bieber-fever-pandemic/question-1302649/?link=ibaf&q=deportation&imgurl=http://images.sodahead.com/polls/001302649/deportation_answer_6_xlarge.jpeghttp://www.sodahead.com/fun/first-it-was-sars-then-bird-flu-but-what-are-we-to-do-about-the-bieber-fever-pandemic/question-1302649/?link=ibaf&q=deportation&imgurl=http://images.sodahead.com/polls/001302649/deportation_answer_6_xlarge.jpeg Deportation Cartoon

13. The Seven Years’ War Britain is about to lay the smack down… http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/atlas/glossary.aspx?alpha=s

14. Can’t we all just get along? • Basically, France and Britain tried to destroy each other • Other countries got involved • Basically turned into a world war • The land in North America was fought for • *cough* Plains of Abraham • War ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763

15. Battle of the Plains of Abraham • 1759 between the British and French at Quebec • British captured Quebec (capital for French) • French retreated to Montreal but came back to defeat the British at the Battle of Sainte-Foy • British retreated to Quebec • French surrounded Quebec to force the British to surrender and run out of supplies • Both sides started running out of supplies… both were waiting for supply ships

16. THE BRITISH!!! The French ship had to turn around because of bad weather British ship had supplies and relief troops http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Plains_of_Abraham And the winner is…

17. To what extent was the Battle of the Plains of Abraham the key event in achieving British control over North America? What do you think? http://www.optative.net/blog/2009/01/28/the-plains-of-abraham-to-re-enact-or-challenge-the-legacy/

18. Treaty of Paris 1763 • Ended the 7 Years’ War • France gave up all claims in North America, except for: • Guadeloupe (island in the Carribean) • Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (North America, for cod fishing) • Stopped retaliation of British • Enabled settlers to keep their religion (Catholic) and stay in Quebec • Kept the First Nations and French on edge… they didn’t know what would happen to them

19. Guadeloupe http://www.buriedadventures.com/destinations/caribbean-and-the-atlantic/guadeloupe http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/gp.htm

20. Saint-Pierre and Miquelon http://www.qsl.net/w6hgf/FP_W6GHF_2012.html http://www.globosapiens.net/st-pierre-and-miquelon-travel/Saint%20Pierre%20and%20Miquelon/Saint-Pierre.html

21. Pontiac and Minweweh • Pontiac was the leader of the Odawa Nation • Minweweh was an Anishnabe leader (allies with each other) • (pg. 159) “Englishmen, although you have conquered the French, you have not conquered us! We are not your slaves. These lakes, these woods, and mountains were left to us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance; and we will part with them to none.” • They took over trade forts and basically crippled British trade • Forced the British to sign an agreement in 1765 basically saying that the British would not have rights to First Nation’s land, even though they beat the French

22. http://www.art.com/products/p13252072-sa-i2351870/visit-of-chief-pontiac-to-british-officer-major-gladwyn-during-pontiacs-war-c1760.htmhttp://www.art.com/products/p13252072-sa-i2351870/visit-of-chief-pontiac-to-british-officer-major-gladwyn-during-pontiacs-war-c1760.htm

23. Britain Establishes Control How they did it… http://www.simplyagreatmanager.com/RemVirtues.asp

24. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 • Wanted to ASSIMILATE the Canadiens • Made the Province of Quebec with a British-style government • Like the government of the 13 Colonies… which is?! • Catholics weren’t allowed to hold government positions • French civil law was gone (seigniorial system gone, tithes to Catholic Church gone) • Encouraged Thirteen Colonies settlers to move to Quebec • People weren’t allowed to settle in “Indian Territory”

25. How was the Royal Proclamation of 1763 an attempt to achieve compromise between the Aboriginal peoples, the French and the British? http://www.elec-intro.com/proclaimation-1763 What issues do you think could occur because of this legislation?

26. The Quebec Act of 1774 • The American Revolution was occuring • Scared the British as the Canadiens weren’t giving up their heritage/culture • Gave back rights to the Canadiens • Their heritage/culture can remain • Stop assimilation • Were allowed to practice religion and hold government positions • Hold positions if they signed an oath of loyalty to Britain • Reinstated French civil law • Changed the boundaries of Quebec to have vital fur trade territory • Did not consult the First Nations about this…

27. How did the Quebec Act of 1774 contribute to the foundations of Canada as an officially bilingual country? http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/023001-3010.52-e.html